Immune System I Chapter 7

Question 1

The capability of killing or removing foreign substances, pathogens, and cancer cells from the body

Answer 1

Immunity

Question 2

Which type of immunity does not require previous exposure to initiate defenses
Occurs immediately or very shortly after infection occurs

Answer 2

Innate

Question 3

With innate immunity, there is no _____ that an intruder has attacked before, and therefore no immunological ____ of the attacker

Answer 3

recognition
“memory”

Question 4

The body has ___-__ barriers, both physical and chemical, that serve as the first line of defense against an infection against _______.

Answer 4

built-in
pathogens

Question 5

The skin is an example of a generally effective ______ barrier that prevents infection. The skin also has chemical barriers in the form of secretions of ______ (oil) glands that weaken or kill certain bacteria on the skin

Answer 5

physical
sebaceous

Question 6

Mucous membranes lining the respiratory, digestive, reproductive and urinary tracts are examples of a _______ barrier to entry

Answer 6

physical

Question 7

Flora, microbes that usually reside in the mouth, large intestine and other areas are an example of a _____ barrier to infection

Answer 7

chemical

Question 8

The _________ response (part of innate immunity) is the second line of defense (physical and chemical barriers are the first line of defense)

Answer 8

inflammatory

Question 9

1. Histamine released from damaged tissues of the Mast cells
2. Increased blood flow brings macrophages to the site
3. Neutrophils and monocytes arrive

Answer 9

steps to inflammatory response

Question 10

Several proteins circulating in the blood aid in innate immunity
Ex. blood plasma proteins
interferons (sends warnings to cells)

Answer 10

Protective proteins (part of innate immunity)

Question 11

1. blood plasma/complement proteins bind to ______, poke holes, fluids rush in and pop it
2. Interferons
   the proteins released by _________ cells that bind to receptors of __________ cells to camp up antiviral defenses

Answer 11

bacteria
virus-infected
non-infected

Question 12

Fights infection that spreads past innate immunity
Targets specific pathogens and remembers past exposures
Not an immediate response–needs time to build up cells
Responds to large molecules, usually antigens
Usually doesn’t develop an immune response to the cells of our body
Our immune system can distinguish our own cells from harmful pathogens

Answer 12

Adaptive immunity (specific immunity)

Question 13

Adaptive immunity is carried out by __________
they recognize antigens, some can retain memory of past infections

Answer 13

lymphocytes

Question 14

Has unique antigen receptor
clonal expansion upon recognizing atigen
amplified B cells mature into either an antibody and memory B cells

Answer 14

B cell lymphocytes

Question 15

Makes and secretes antibodies that match antigen
Y-shaped proteins

Answer 15

Antibody

Question 16

Makes long-term immunity possible
if antigen encountered in the future launches faster and stronger than there will be a longer lasting attack

Answer 16

B cells

Question 17

Once bound to an antigen, antibodies can
NEUTRALIZATION
_____ virus completely, thus neutralizing their ability to cause disease.
IMMUNE COMPLEX
reaction usually produces clump of _____ combined with ________
Antibodies in the immune complex are like a beacon that attracts _____ blood cells

Answer 17

coats
antigens
antibodies
white

Question 18

Antibodies that originate from a single B cell
they’re all the same type and can be manufactured for medical use like…
Diagnostic/viral testing
Cancer treatments
COVID-19 treatment

Answer 18

monoclonal antibodies

Question 19

They have receptors but can’t directly recognize antigens like B-cells
1. Macrophage eats an invader and displays an antigen to this type of cell
2. Travels to lymph node or spleen where these cells congregate
3. These cells release cytokines which induce clonal expansion
4. Clonal expansion produces:
copies of this cell
secrete cytokines, which activate B-cell clonal expansion
these cells bind to the target cell and punch hole in the membrane
binds to infected cells and induces cell death
injects chemicals to cause cells to dies
remembers pathogen to jump-start future exposure

Answer 19

T cell Lymphocytes (cell-mediated immunity)