Immune System II Chapter 7 Flashcards
The immune system can acquire immunity in two different ways:
Active immunity
passive immunity
Individual produces the antibodies
long lasting
Ex. vaccines
Active immunity
Individual is given the antibodies rather than producing them
temporary
Ex. placenta, breast milk and antibody injections
passive immunity
when cytotoxic T cells or antibodies mistakenly attack the body’s own cells
autoimmune disease
The exact cause of autoimmune disease is _______ although it appears to involve both genetic and environmental factors
unknown
an autoimmune disease where joints are chronically inflamed. It is believed that immune system components destroy cartilage in the joints
Rheumatoid arthritis
Symptoms: facial rash, fever and joint pain
Antibodies target proteins in the cell nucleus, leading to programmed cell death (apoptosis)
lupus
Antibodies made against antigen
Occurs naturally after a person gets infected with a pathogen
Active Immunity
Exposes immune system to antigen to generate memory B and T cells
vaccine
The first exposure to a vaccine leads to the _________ response (small number of antibody concentration in plasma), and the second exposure (booster) leads to the ______ response (plasma antibody concentration increases significantly)
primary
secondary
Individual is given the antibodies directly and it is not produced by the individual’s plasma cells
temporary
Antibodies passed to offspring through placenta and breast milk
Antibody injection
Cytotoxic T-cells
Passive immunity
Instances where the immune system responds to harm the body
Ex. Allergies
incompatible blood type
tissue rejection
autoimmune disease
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Immune system attacks substances normal body would not
Responds to allergens
allergies
What cells release histamines?
Mast cells and basophils
Antibody on mast cell surface binds to allergen and causes release of _________
histamines
