Module 1 Practice Questions Flashcards
On the basis of one or more observations of natural phenomena, a testable explanation called a _______ is formed.
Hypothesis
A hypothesis is tested with a series of procedures called _________.
experiments
Results from experiments called ____ either support or do not support the hypothesis.
data
The data help scientists to form ____ some of which may encourage them to redesign their experiments or formulate a new hypothesis.
conclusions
Categorize the following choices to distinguish between a control group and an experimental group.
Manipulated in an experiment
Might receive a placebo
Used as a foundational point for comparison
Receives identical treatment as other groups except for one variable
Not manipulated in an experiment
Experimental
Manipulated in an experiment
Receives identical treatment as other groups except for one variable
Control
Might receive a placebo
Used as a foundational point for comparison
Not manipulated in an experiment
Scientific studies are published in scientific journals after they have been examined by experts and gone through a(n) ________process.
review
Scientific journals ensure that they only publish research that is conducted properly by credible scientists. This research must be accurate and _____
unbiased
Based upon what scientists read in journals, they may wish to_______research conducted by others, or further study an aspect of the previous work.
replicate
Scientific journals are more ________resources compared to magazines, websites, or books containing information from secondary resources.
reliable
The result is plotted on the ___ axis
y
Values collected in experiment
several different dots on graph
The experimental variable is plotted on the ____ axis
x
This statistical information tells us how uncertain a particular value is
Standard error
When observing relationships between a variable and a result, scientists must note that not all ________are truly causations.
correlations
Because there is always a possibility that the results of an experiment are due to ______ or a variable not being measured, scientists employ statistics when reporting results.
chance
Results are accompanied by a(n) _________ value, which is calculated using several factors.
probability (p)
Low probability values accompany results which are _________ ____________.
statistically significant
Other statistical analysis is also used for scientific data. For instance, ________ ______ is calculated to determine how uncertain a particular value is.
standard error
The smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of that element is called a(n)
atom
Why is He positioned above Ne in the periodic table?
They both have a full outermost orbital.
Two or more atoms joined together through the sharing of electrons are called a(n)
molecule
Atoms that share electrons have what type of bonds?
covalent
CaCl2 is a salt that forms as the result of what type of bond? How do you know?
ionic
Metal – Metal = Metallic.
Metal – Nonmetal = Ionic.
Nonmetal – Nonmetal = Covalent.
Which molecule is the most abundant in the human body?
water
Which of the following characteristics of water is most responsible for the sinking of the Titanic?
Frozen water is less dense than liquid water.
On a warm day in April, Tina jumped into the swimming pool. To her surprise, the water was really cold. Which property of water did she discover?
The temperature of liquid water rises and falls slowly.
William noticed water mysteriously climbing up a capillary tube. This is an example of which property of water?
Water molecules are cohesive.
Which of the following is not one of the properties of water?
Water has a high heat of vaporization
The frozen form is more dense than the liquid form.
Water molecules are cohesive and adhesive.
Water has a high heat capacity.
b
Which of the following is one of the four classes of organic molecules found in cells?
vitamins
lipids
nutrients
minerals
nuclei
lipids
Sugars with three to seven carbon atoms are called
monosaccharides.
disaccharides.
trisaccharides.
polysaccharides.
steroids.
a
Identify the main function of carbohydrates in the body.
Function as short-term energy source.
Starch, cellulose, and glycogen are alike in that they
are all made of glucose
How are fats, phospholipids, and steroids alike?
They do not dissolve in water
The monomer unit of a protein is
amino acids
Which of the following is a function of proteins?
enzymes
quick energy
main component of the cell membrane
genetic material
digest cell waste
a
When two amino acids combine via a dehydration reaction
a peptide bond is formed.
The sides of the DNA ladder (backbone) are
sugars and phosphates.
Which of the following nitrogenous bases is found in DNA?
cytosine
Which of the following is a feature of a nucleotide?
nitrogenous base
What are the folds in mitochondrial membranes called?
cristae
If the mitochondrion is the result of endosymbiosis, what membrane of the mitochondrion represents the engulfing vesicle?
the outer mitochondrial membrane
Which of the following structures is present in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
plasma membrane
The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane is called
osmosis
A solution is at equilibrium across a plasma membrane. If 50 molecules were to enter the cell, how many molecules would need to exit the cell in order to maintain the equilibrium?
50
Often when a person is admitted to the hospital, an intravenous solution of normal saline is begun. Since this does not harm the patient, what is the tonicity of normal saline compared to your blood?
isotonic
Choose the CORRECT statement about solute concentrations or particles inside and outside the cell.
In an isotonic solution, the amount of water inside and outside the cell is equal.
Brad placed a drop of blood in some distilled water. What happened to the red blood cell?
cells burst
What cell structure is composed of a stack of slightly curved saccules that are important in packaging and secretion?
gogli apparatus
The grainy-looking substance inside the nucleus is composed of
DNA and proteins
If a cell lacked ribosomes, it would not be able to
synthesize proteins
Which of the following would be a way of finishing this hypothesis about the function of the Golgi apparatus? If the Golgi apparatus is involved in packaging products for secretion, then
vesicles must travel from the Golgi to the cell surface.
What type of microscopy provides a three-dimensional view of the surface of an object?
scanning electron microscope
Angela would like to look at living algae from pond water. What type of equipment should she use?
compound light microscope
The phospholipid bilayer that surrounds/maintains the integrity of a cell is called a
plasma membrane
What is the name of the semi-fluid medium inside the cell?
cytoplasm
The plasma membrane contains how many layers of phospholipids?
2
In the fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane, the phospholipid molecules are oriented so that the ________Blank heads are facing the outside environment and the ________Blank tails are facing the interior of the membrane.
hydrophilic; hydrophobic
Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?
marks the cell as belonging to a particular individual
Which model currently describes the structure of the plasma membrane?
fluid-mosaic model
A short chain of sugar attached to a protein molecule on the plasma membrane is called
a glycoprotein
Which of the following can cross the plasma membrane because of its selective permeability?
gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide
What cell structure is composed of a stack of slightly curved saccules that are important in packaging and secretion?
gogli apparatus
What is the obvious dark-stained structure within the nucleus that contains ribosomal RNA called?
nucleolus
The grainy-looking substance inside the nucleus is composed of
DNA and proteins
How large is a nuclear pore in the nuclear envelope?
larger than a ribosome
If a cell lacked ribosomes, it would not be able to
synthesize proteins
What do the SER and RER have in common?
the formation of transport vesicles
What is the main function of the ribosomes in the cell?
to synthesize proteins
Which of the following would be a way of finishing this hypothesis about the function of the Golgi apparatus? If the Golgi apparatus is involved in packaging products for secretion, then
vesicles must travel from the Golgi to the cell surface.
Which organelle is involved in packaging and shipping cellular materials?
Golgi apparatus
What cellular organelle is especially abundant in phagocytic white blood cells?
lysosomes
Which of the following is associated with the cytoskeleton?
microtubules
Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?
maintain a cell’s shape
The sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell collectively are called
metabolism
In a metabolic pathway, substrate Z is broken down to form products Y and X. Y is further broken down into products V and W. How many enzymes are required for this metabolic pathway?
two
Which of the following steps in the breakdown of glucose directly requires the use of oxygen?
electron transport chain
What is the maximum number of ATP molecules produced during aerobic respiration?
38
Identify which of the following is not a potential source of energy for the human body.
DNA
Which of the following is the first step in cellular respiration?
glycolysis
Since all organisms carry on cellular respiration, all living cells must contain mitochondria.
False
Fermentation results in a greater yield of ATP than aerobic respiration.
false
During the breakdown of ATP, heat is released.
true
If you could remove all the phosphate in the cell, what would happen to the ATP cycle?
It would stop when all the ATP had been converted into ADP.
