Heart and Blood Vessels I Chapter 5 Flashcards
The cardiovascular system consists of the _____(which pumps blood) and the ______ ____ (where the blood flows)
heart
blood vessels
Cells of the body are surrounded by _________ ____ that is used to exchange substances between the blood and cells
interstitial fluid
What removes waste products from the interstitial fluid
blood
Blood provides the interstitial fluid with the _____ and ______ cells require
oxygen
nutrients
The cardiovascular system transports ______ to the cells of the body and removes _____ and other waste products
oxygen
co2
The cardiovascular system transports ______ from the digestive system to the cells of your body
nutrients
The cardiovascular system transports ______ from the endocrine system to the cells of your body
hormones
The cardiovascular system transports _____ of the immune system, which help protect the body from infection
cells
The cardiovascular system participates in the _____ __ _____________ of a variety of the body’s conditions, including ____, _________ and water and electrolyte levels
maintaining of homeostasis
temperature
ph balance
What transports blood to and from the tissues of the body
blood vessels
Blood travels through the vessels always in the following order: through ___ and out _____
artery
the vein
Contains a thick layer of smooth muscle and elastic tissue (flexible for pressure, contraction and recoil)
Transports blood away from the heart
Has 3 layers (thinnest is endothelium)
Arteries
Smooth muscle contractions allow arterioles to dilate and constrict. To increase blood pressure, arterioles _____
To decrease blood pressure, arterioles _____
constrict
dilate
Simple squamous epithelium
smallest blood vessel
narrow, microscopic tube with wall composed of endothelium
capillaries
Small veins that drain blood from capillaries and join to form a vein
venules
Functions as a blood reservoir (70% of blood held here)
Have valves to prevent ______ flow of blood
Returns blood to the heart
The walls are thinner so they can expand to greater extent
back
veins
Allo electrical signal to contract to be relayed from cell to cell, cells contract in unison
Cone-shaped muscular organ located between lungs, behind sternum
major part is interior wall of tissue called myocardium
The heart
Identify the intercalated disc, mitochondrion, and cardiac muscle cell in notes
nice
Heart it surrounded by this
thick membranous sac to support and protect the heart
______ fluid allows this to slide smoothly over the heart’s surface during pumps
pericardium pericardial
separates the heart into a right and left side
septum
Contracts first (both right and left contract at the same time)
there are 2 upper thin-walled ones
atrium
Contracts second (both R and L contract at the same time)
Has two lower chambers that are thick-walled
Ventricles
Valves that lie in between the atria and ventricles
Lub sound=closing of the valves
Atrioventricular Valves (AV Valves)
Lies between the R ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Dub sound=closing of these valves
Semilunar valves
Gives o2 and nutrients to myocardium
first branches off the aorta
Coronary arteries
Heart’s internal control system to regulate heartbeat
Heartbeat control (electrical conduction of the heart)
Tissue that starts electrical signals on their own
has both muscular and nervous characteristics
Nodal tissue
At the upper dorsal wall of the right atrium
initiates heartbeat and automatically sends excitation signal every 0.85 seconds
Signal is relayed through the atria, which causes both atria to contract at the same time
SA (Sinoatrial) Node
At the bas of the right atrium near the septum
Relays signal down bundle branches and then to Purkinje Fibers which causes both ventricles to contract at the same time
AV (Atrioventricular) Node
If the SA node fails the AV node starts signal instead, heart rate is much ______(40-60 bpm)
slower
Review where the SA Node, AV Node, branches of atrioventricular bundle, and purkinje fibers are in notes
nice!!!!!!
