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Human Biology > Heart and Blood Vessels I Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Heart and Blood Vessels I Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

The cardiovascular system consists of the _____(which pumps blood) and the ______ ____ (where the blood flows)

A

heart
blood vessels

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2
Q

Cells of the body are surrounded by _________ ____ that is used to exchange substances between the blood and cells

A

interstitial fluid

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3
Q

What removes waste products from the interstitial fluid

A

blood

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4
Q

Blood provides the interstitial fluid with the _____ and ______ cells require

A

oxygen
nutrients

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5
Q

The cardiovascular system transports ______ to the cells of the body and removes _____ and other waste products

A

oxygen
co2

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6
Q

The cardiovascular system transports ______ from the digestive system to the cells of your body

A

nutrients

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7
Q

The cardiovascular system transports ______ from the endocrine system to the cells of your body

A

hormones

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8
Q

The cardiovascular system transports _____ of the immune system, which help protect the body from infection

A

cells

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9
Q

The cardiovascular system participates in the _____ __ _____________ of a variety of the body’s conditions, including ____, _________ and water and electrolyte levels

A

maintaining of homeostasis
temperature
ph balance

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10
Q

What transports blood to and from the tissues of the body

A

blood vessels

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11
Q

Blood travels through the vessels always in the following order: through ___ and out _____

A

artery
the vein

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12
Q

Contains a thick layer of smooth muscle and elastic tissue (flexible for pressure, contraction and recoil)
Transports blood away from the heart
Has 3 layers (thinnest is endothelium)

A

Arteries

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13
Q

Smooth muscle contractions allow arterioles to dilate and constrict. To increase blood pressure, arterioles _____
To decrease blood pressure, arterioles _____

A

constrict
dilate

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14
Q

Simple squamous epithelium
smallest blood vessel
narrow, microscopic tube with wall composed of endothelium

A

capillaries

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15
Q

Small veins that drain blood from capillaries and join to form a vein

A

venules

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16
Q

Functions as a blood reservoir (70% of blood held here)
Have valves to prevent ______ flow of blood
Returns blood to the heart
The walls are thinner so they can expand to greater extent

A

back
veins

17
Q

Allo electrical signal to contract to be relayed from cell to cell, cells contract in unison
Cone-shaped muscular organ located between lungs, behind sternum
major part is interior wall of tissue called myocardium

A

The heart

18
Q

Identify the intercalated disc, mitochondrion, and cardiac muscle cell in notes

A

nice

19
Q

Heart it surrounded by this
thick membranous sac to support and protect the heart
______ fluid allows this to slide smoothly over the heart’s surface during pumps

A

pericardium pericardial

20
Q

separates the heart into a right and left side

A

septum

21
Q

Contracts first (both right and left contract at the same time)
there are 2 upper thin-walled ones

A

atrium

22
Q

Contracts second (both R and L contract at the same time)
Has two lower chambers that are thick-walled

A

Ventricles

23
Q

Valves that lie in between the atria and ventricles
Lub sound=closing of the valves

A

Atrioventricular Valves (AV Valves)

24
Q

Lies between the R ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Dub sound=closing of these valves

A

Semilunar valves

25
Q

Gives o2 and nutrients to myocardium
first branches off the aorta

A

Coronary arteries

26
Q

Heart’s internal control system to regulate heartbeat

A

Heartbeat control (electrical conduction of the heart)

27
Q

Tissue that starts electrical signals on their own
has both muscular and nervous characteristics

A

Nodal tissue

28
Q

At the upper dorsal wall of the right atrium
initiates heartbeat and automatically sends excitation signal every 0.85 seconds
Signal is relayed through the atria, which causes both atria to contract at the same time

A

SA (Sinoatrial) Node

29
Q

At the bas of the right atrium near the septum
Relays signal down bundle branches and then to Purkinje Fibers which causes both ventricles to contract at the same time

A

AV (Atrioventricular) Node

30
Q

If the SA node fails the AV node starts signal instead, heart rate is much ______(40-60 bpm)

A

slower

31
Q

Review where the SA Node, AV Node, branches of atrioventricular bundle, and purkinje fibers are in notes

A

nice!!!!!!

Human Biology (26 decks)

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