Practice Test 3 Flashcards
Chromatin makes up _________________________. Chromatin is made of _________________ wrapped around proteins.
chromosomes
DNA
__________________ cells have two sets of chromosomes (two of each chromosome), while __________________ cells have only one set of chromosomes (one of each chromosome).
diploid
haploid
Replicated (copied) chromosomes are called ______________________________, while a single, unreplicated chromosome is called a _____________________________.
sister chromatid
chromatid
Which of the following would be homologous chromosomes?
chromosome #1 (from mom) and chromosome #1 (from dad)
chromosome #4 (from mom) and chromosome #18 (from dad)
chromosome #7 (from mom) and chromosome #8 (from dad)
chromosome #2 (from mom) and chromosome #5 (from dad)
a
Centromeres hold ______________ together
sister chromatids
Match each phase of the cell cycle on the left with its description:
G1 Phase, G2 phase, S Phase
Organelles are doubled
Proteins are built
DNA is replicated
G1 organelles
G2 protiens
S DNA
During what stage of mitosis does the DNA condense into chromosomes?
prophase
During which stage of meiosis are sister chromatids lined up in the middle of the cell?
metaphase II
Which phase is when the cell begins to split and still has two homologous chromosomes instead of sister chromatids
Telophase I
One difference between mitosis and meiosis is that in mitosis the ______________ are lined up and separated resulting in diploid daughter cells, while in meiosis I the _____________ are lined up and separated resulting in haploid daughter cells.
sister chromatids
homologous chromosomes
___________ is the random lining up of homologous chromosomes in the middle of the cell during meiosis that creates genetic diversity in the daughter cells.
independent assortment
Which of the following occurs during prophase I of meiosis?
crossing over
What is non disjuction
when the chromosomes don’t split so you have one cell with both sister chromatids and one with none.
A person with __________________ has the genotype XXX or XXXX and is genetically female.
poly-x
The ability of cancer cells to form blood vessels to nourish tumors is called _________________
angiogenesis
Cancer cells lack ______________________, which means that they continue to divide even if they bump into another cell.
contact inhibition
___________ usher cells through the cell cycle; they also trigger the next stage in line.
cyclins
_____________ code for cyclins, while ______________ code for checkpoint proteins.
proto-oncogenes
tumor suppressor genes
A MUTATED ___________ would result in checkpoint proteins that do not stop the cell cycle to make repairs.
tumor suppressor gene
In it’s NORMAL form, ________ activates apoptosis in cells that are damaged
p53
_____________________ is most likely used for metastasized cancer.
chemotherapy
Radiation is the best option for cancer that:
is localized
