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Rats Flashcards

1
Q

How many chromosomes does a rat have?

A

2n = 42

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2
Q

Thermoneutral zone of rats?

A

26-34 C

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3
Q

How much water does a rat drink per day?

A

10 mL/100 g of BW/day

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4
Q

How much food does a rat eat per day?

A

5 g/100 g BW/day

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5
Q

What volume of urine does a rat void per day?

A

3.3 ml/100 g BW/day

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6
Q

How many pairs of nipples does a rat have?

A

6

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7
Q

Where is the zymbal gland located?

A

Base of the ear

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8
Q

What is the vertebral formula of a rat?

A

7C 13T 6L 4S 27-40C

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9
Q

What is the dental formula of a rat?

A

2(I1/1, C0/0, PM0/0, M3/3)

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10
Q

Why can’t rats vomit?

A

Because of the presence of the limiting ridge (margo plicatus) separating the non-glandular and glandular portions of the stomach

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11
Q

How many liver lobes does a rat have? Names?

A

4 lobes –> Left, right, median and caudate

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12
Q

What is the Seno’s gland and where is it located?

A

Lateral nasal canal

Humidifies are and secretes a watery product at the rostral end of the nasal turbinates for the mucous layer

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13
Q

How many lung lobes does a rat have?

A

5

1 on the left
4 on the right (Cranial, middle, accessory, caudal)

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14
Q

When do rats reach sexual maturity?

A

~2-3 months (Females earlier than males)

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15
Q

Duration of parturition in a rat?

A

21-23 days

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16
Q

When do the eyes and ears open in rats?

A

Eyes = 14-17 days
Ears = 2.5-3.5 days (hear at 9 days)

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17
Q

ZDF rat

A

Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rat

Used to study type II diabetes (Develop diabetes b/t 7-12 weeks)

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18
Q

BB rat

A

BioBreeding rat, Wistar derived

Spontaneous autoimmune, insulin dependent diabetes

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19
Q

Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty Rat

A

Spontaneous model of type II diabetes

Late onset hyperglycemia + renal dysfunction by 30 weeks

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20
Q

Goto-Kakizaki rat

A

Type II non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

Non-obese

Wistar derived

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21
Q

Cohen Diabetic rat

A

Non-obese, diet-induced type II diabetes

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22
Q

SHR

A

Spontaneously hypertensive rat

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23
Q

New Zealand Strain of Genetically Hypertensive Rats (GH)

A

Inbred strain with hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and vascular disease

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24
Q

Milan hypertensive strain and normotensive strain

A

Developed from Wistar stock, selecting for high or low blood pressure

Age related glomerulosclerosis in MNS

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25
Q

Dahl salt sensitive (DS) and salt resistant (DR)

A

Propensity to develop hypertension when fed 8% NaCl diet

Inbred and non-inbred lines

Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 expression and function impaired in sensitive

26
Q

Lyon Hypertensive (LH), normotensive (LN) and Low Blood Pressure (LL) Strains)

A

Inbred strains of SD origin

LH - Increaesed BW, increased plasma lipid concentrations and markedly reduced lifespan

27
Q

Fawn Hooded

A

Outbred

Hypertension, platelet function abnormality

28
Q

Fawn Hooded Hypertension

A

Derived from outbred Fawn Hooded

Progressive proteinuria (albumin) and glomerulosclerosis at a young age

29
Q

Brattleboro (DI, di/di)

A

Spontaneous mutation in Long-Evans hooded from Brattleboro

Central diabetes insipidus

30
Q

Gunn rat

A

Spontaneous mutation in Wistar stock

Hereditary unconjugated bilirubinemia (Crigler-Najjar Syndrome)

Autosomal recessive

Lack UDP-glucuronyl-transferase in liver that conjugates bilirubin with glucuronic acid

31
Q

Long Evans Cinnamon

A

Spontaneous cholangiofibrosis (Wilson’s disease)

Ceruloplastin deficiency, hepatic copper accumulation and hepatocellular injury caused by deletion of the rat homolog of human ATP7B (same as Mo mice)

32
Q

WAG/Rii

A

Inbred, albino

Model of childhood absence epilepsy

33
Q

What gross and histo pathology would you expect in a rat infected with Corynebacterium kutscheri?

A

Gross - Abscesses in lung, liver, kidney, skin and joints

Histo - Septic emboli in organs, irregularly branching arrays of gram positive rods

34
Q

What is the best tissue to sample for culture of Corynebacterium kutscheri?

A

Cervical/submandibular lymph node

35
Q

Gross pathology associated with Tyzzer’s disease in rats?

A

Foci of necrosis on liver, megaloileitis, myocardial necrosis, mesenteric lymphadenopathy

36
Q

Stains used to detect Clostridium piliforme?

A

Warthin-Starry (best), Giemsa, methylene blue

37
Q

You perform a necropsy on a rat who has had diarrhea and find ulcers in the cecum. What is the likely etiologic agent?

A

Salmonellosis

38
Q

A rat with an indwelling catheter develops valvular endocarditis and hemorrhagic pneumonia? Etiologic agent?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

39
Q

Causative agent of rat bite fever/Haverhill fever?

A

Streptobacillus moniliformis

40
Q

Symptoms of Streptobacillus moniliformis in people?

A

Fever, vomiting, arthralgia, rash

41
Q

Signs of Helicobacter pylori infection in nude rats?

A

Proliferative and ulcerative typhlitis, colitis and proctitis

42
Q

Hemobartonellosis

A

Mycoplasma haemomuris (Haemobartonella muris)

Obligate parasite of erythrocytes

Transmitted by the spiny rat louse (Polyplax spinulosa)

43
Q

Syphacia muris

A

Most common pinworm of rats

Eggs more ellipsoid

Dx - Tape test, PCR

44
Q

Syphacia obvelata

A

Mouse pinworm

Eggs flat on one side

Dx - Tape test, PCR (Syphacia = Surface)

45
Q

Aspiculuris tetraptera

A

Pinworm

Eggs laid in cecum and pass in feces, bilaterally symmetrical

Dx - Fecal float, direct exam of cecum and colon

46
Q

Trichosomoides crassicauda

A

Bladder threadworm

Embryonated eggs passed in urine –> Ingesion –> Hatch in stomach and penetrate stomach wall to peritoneal cavity or bloodstream

Dx - Filter urine and examine filter medium

Tx - Ivermectin

47
Q

Rodentoleptis nana

A

Dwarf tapeworm

Direct or indirect (grain beetle/fleas) life cycle

Eggs have hooklets and polar filaments

48
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta

A

Rat tapeworm

Always indirect life cycle (grain beetle/flea/cockroach)

Eggs have hooklets, no polar filaments

49
Q

Radfordia ensifera

A

Rat fur mite - Most common ectoparasite of rats

Pelage-inhabiting

Eggs persist in environment and hatch in 7-8 days

Tarsal claws on 2nd pair of legs are paired and equal

Dx - PCR of skin swab or cage swab (most reliable), hair pluck, tape test, postmortem put on black background and look for mites

Tx - Ivermectin, selemectin, moxidectin

50
Q

Polyplax spinulosa

A

Spined rat louse, blood-sucking/anoplura

Vector of Mycoplasma haemomuris

Dx - Examine fur, screen blood smears for H. muris if lice detected

Tx - Ivermectin

51
Q

Hallmark gross path and histo of Pneumocystis carinii?

A

Lungs fail to collapse

Perivascular cuffing, fungal cysts in alveoli with methenamine silver stain

52
Q

Autoclaving diets reduces concentrations of what nutrients?

A

Lysine, Vit A, Vit E, riboflavin, thiamin

53
Q

Recommended light levels for albino rats? Consequence if light too high?

A

325-400 lux, 1 m above the floor

Retinal degeneration

54
Q

Hearing range of rats?

A

0.25-76 kHz

55
Q

What strain of rat commonly develops testicular tumors? What types of tumors are they?

A

F344

Interstitial cell/leydig cell tumors

56
Q

Pituitary tumors in the rat often produce what hormone?

57
Q

What strain of rats commonly develops large granular lymphocytic leukemia? Organ of origin?

A

F344

Arises in spleen

58
Q

Most common type of mammary tumor in rats?

A

Fibroadenoma

59
Q

Rats prone to hydronephrosis?

A

Brown Norway, Gunn, SD, Zucker

60
Q

Are males or females more prone to chronic progressive nephropathy?

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