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Guinea Pigs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the scientific name of guinea pigs?

A

Cavia porcellus

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2
Q

Is the IAF hairless guinea pig euthymic or athymic?

A

Euthymic

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3
Q

What suborder do guinea pigs belong to?

A

Hystricomorpha (porcupine like)

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4
Q

How many digits do guinea pigs have on their fore and hind feet?

A

4 digits on forefeet and 3 digits on hind feet

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5
Q

How many pairs of mammae do guinea pigs have?

A

Single pair (male and female)

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6
Q

What is the Beuhler assay?

A

Skin sensitization by contact with the test substance via patches

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7
Q

What is the Klingman assay?

A

Intradermal innoculation of a test substance with adjuvant and subsequent exposure to the test substance to measure allergic response

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8
Q

Why are guinea pigs difficult to intubate and dose orally?

A

Elongated soft palate covers the back of the throat and small palatal ostium

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9
Q

How much floor space does a guinea pig <350 g require? >350g?

A

<350 g –> 60 in^2
>350 g –> 101 in^2

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10
Q

What is the minimum height of a guinea pig enclosure?

A

7 inches

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11
Q

Diploid chromosome number of the guinea pig?

A

64

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12
Q

How much food does a guinea pig eat/day?

A

6 g/100g BW/day

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13
Q

How much water does a guinea pig drink/day?

A

10 ml/100g BW/day

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14
Q

What is the predominant WBC in guinea pigs?

A

Lymphocyte

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15
Q

What is the name of the leukocyte unique to guinea pigs?

A

Foa-Kurloff cell (estradiol dependent and increase during pregnancy)

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16
Q

What is the dental formula of guinea pigs?

A

2(I 1/1, C 0/0, PM 1/1, M 3/3)

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17
Q

What teeth are open rooted (hypsodontic) in guinea pigs?

A

All of them

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18
Q

How long is gestation in guinea pigs?

A

59-72 days (68 average)

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19
Q

What kind of uterus does a female guinea pig have?

A

Bicornuate with a single cervix

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20
Q

Why should females be first bred before 6-9 months of age?

A

To prevent calcification of the pubic symphysis

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21
Q

How many days does the guinea pig estrus cycle last?

A

16 days

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22
Q

What hormone causes opening of the pelvic symphysis in pregnant guinea pigs in the last week of gestation. What is the source?

A

Relaxin. Produced by the placenta

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23
Q

What are the clinical signs of Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in guinea pigs?

A

Subclinical or respiratory signs, septicemia and high mortality +/- stillbirth, abortion in genital form

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24
Q

What species should not be housed with guinea pigs due to concern for B. bronchiseptica transmission?

A

Rabbits

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25
Q

Treatment for B. bronchiseptica

A

Fluoroquinolones or TMS

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26
Q

Lancefield group and type of hemolysis of Streptococcus equi ss zooepidemicus

A

Lancefield group C and beta-hemolysis

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27
Q

Clinical presentation of Streptococcus equi ss zooepidemicus and preventative measures

A

Abscess formation especially in cervical lymph nodes (lumps), dyspnea, hematuria, abortions, stillbirths

Prevent by feeding non-abrasive feed and providing dental care

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28
Q

Type of hemolysis produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Alpha hemolysis

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29
Q

Clinical presentation and pathology of Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Sudden death or depression, anorexia, oculonasal discharge, sneezing/coughing, dyspnea, torticollis, abortion, stillbirth

Fibrinopurulent pleuritis, pericarditis, peritonitis and suppurative pneumonia, otitis media, endometritis and arthritis

30
Q

Is antibiotic treatment recommended for S. pneumoniae? Why or why not?

A

No, may induce a carrier state

31
Q

Clinical presentation and pathology of Salmonella enterica

A

Sudden death or rough coat, weakness, conjunctivitis, abortion, intermittent diarrhea; high mortality

Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and multi-focal white dipdots on viscera

32
Q

Is treatment recommended for S. enterica? Why or why not?

A

No, because may induce a carrier state

33
Q

Clinical presentation and pathology of Clostridium piliforme

A

Emaciation, dehydration, lethargy, diarrhea, death

Hepatic necrosis, necrotizing ileitis, typhlitis

NO heart pathology

34
Q

What stain(s) can visualize C. piliforme?

A

Giemsa or Warthin-Starry

35
Q

Causative agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis

A

Chlamydophila caviae

36
Q

Clinical signs and pathology of Chlamydophila cavia

A

Subclinical to severe conjunctivitis, rhinitis and genital tract infections that last 3-4 weeks

Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in conjunctival epithelial cells seen with Giemsa or Macchiavello staining

37
Q

Presentation of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

A
  1. Highly fatal acute septicemia
  2. Chronic emaciation, diarrhea and death within 3-4 weeks
  3. Non-fatal lymphadenitis
  4. Subclinical carrier state
38
Q

Is guinea pig adenovirus DNA/RNA and enveloped or not?

A

Enveloped DNA

39
Q

Clinical presentation and pathology of guinea pig adenovirus

A

Sudden death or dyspnea, tachypnea, rales and crepitus with low morbidity and high mortality

Well-demarcated areas of dark red pulmonary consolidation and compensatory emphysema. On histo, sloughing and necrosis of respiratory epithelium with INIBs

40
Q

Clinical presentation and pathology of cytomegalovirus in guinea pigs

A

Subclinical or weight loss, conjunctivitis and lymphadenopathy

Karyomegaly of salivary gland epithelium (submaxillary gland), severe interstitial pneumonia, splenomegaly, meningitis, congenital neuro abnormalities, large INIBs in salivary gland

41
Q

Transmission of cytomegalovirus and location of latency

A

Saliva, transplacental (C-section rederivation will not prevent)

Latent in the salivary glands, thymus (adults) and spleen (fetus)

42
Q

Clinical presentation and pathology of Eimeria caviae

A

Lethargy, anorexia, pasty feces, diarrhea and death in severely infected weanlings

Edema, hyperemia, hemorrhage, white/yellow plaques in proximal colon and cecum; invade crypts of Liebierhuhm in proximal colon

43
Q

Treatment for Eimeria caviae

A

Sulfonamides

44
Q

How many days after leaving a host are Eimeria caviae oocysts infective?

45
Q

Clinical presentation and pathology of Cryptosporidium wrairi

A

Weight loss (most common), anorexia, pot-belly, rectal prolapse in young animals (<16 weeks)

Hyperemia, edema, villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia and organisms at brush border of ileum

46
Q

Guinea pigs require dietary vitamin C, because they lack what enzyme?

A

L-gulonolactone oxidase

47
Q

Clinical signs and pathology of hypovitaminosis C

A

Fragile blood vessels, painful bruising, swollen joints

Hemorrhage in subperiosteum, adrenal cortex, skeletal muscle and joints, microfractures

48
Q

What are the two forms of pregnancy toxemia?

A

Pre-eclampsia/circulatory form and fasting ketosis

49
Q

What UA changes are associated with pre-eclampsia?

A

Proteinuria, ketonuria and acidic urine (pH 5-6)

50
Q

What bacteria is associated with ulcerative pododermatitis?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

51
Q

What antibiotics are commonly implicated in antibiotic-associated typhlocolitis? What bacteria commonly overgrows in this condition?

A

Aminopenicillins, cephalosporins, clindamycin, streptomycin, lincomycin, penicillin

C. difficile

52
Q

What types of teeth are most commonly involved in malocclusions?

A

Premolars and molars

53
Q

What does DART stand for?

A

Developmental and reproductive toxicology

54
Q

What are guinea pigs often used to study?

A

Hearing, toxicology, allergic diseases, asthma, COPD, reproduction and pregnancy-related diseases, osteoarthritis, atherosclerosis

55
Q

What type of placentation do guinea pigs have?

A

Hemomonochorial

56
Q

What strain/stock and sex of guinea pig develops OA lesions on the medial aspect of their stifles? By what age?

A

Male Dunkin-Hartleys
3 months of age

57
Q

If a researcher is inducing OA in a guinea pig, what methods might they use?

A

Partial medial meniscectomy or injections of sodium monoiodoacetate

58
Q

What are GPs often used to study?

A

Anaphylaxis, airway reactivity in asthma, delayed hypersensitivity, gnotobiotics, immunology, infectious and nutritional disease, vitamin C metabolism

59
Q

What accessory sex glands do male GPs have?

A

Seminal vesicles, prostate, coagulating gland, bulbourethral gland, rudimentary preputial glands

60
Q

What is the causative agent of lumps?

A

Streptococcus equi ss zooepidemicus

61
Q

ELISA for what other virus is cross reactive with guinea pig poliovirus?

A

The GDVII strain of theilovirus

62
Q

What is the best tissue to sample for LCMV ELISA or IFA?

63
Q

How is deafening most commonly achieved when guinea pigs are used to study hearing loss?

A

Administration of aminoglycosides (SC or direct infusion)

64
Q

What non-infectious respiratory conditions are guinea pigs used to model?

A

Asthma and COPD

65
Q

How is asthma induced in guinea pigs?

A

OVA sensitization (Repeated IP injection with OVA + alum –> challenge with OVA nebulization)

66
Q

How is COPD induced in guinea pigs?

A

Exposure to cigarette smoke followed by adenovirus infection

67
Q

What kind of placentation do guinea pigs have?

A

Hemomonochorial placentation

68
Q

What guinea pig strain is used as a model of OA and what strain(s) is/are used as controls?

A

Dunkin-Hartley males consistently develop degenerative lesions in stifle joint starting at 3 months of age

Strains 2 and 13 are used as controls

69
Q

What type of herpesvirus infection are guinea pigs used to model?

A

Herpes simplex virus 2 (genital herpes)

70
Q

What guinea pig strain is used to model disseminated cytomegalovirus infection?

71
Q

What strain of guinea pig is used to study Lassa virus and other hemorrhagic viruses?

72
Q

Are outbred or inbred strains more susceptible to allergic sensitization?

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