Mice Flashcards
Place the following caging materials in order of decreasing cost and durability: Polypropylene, polycarbonate and polystyrene
Polycarbonate, polypropylene and polystyrene
From what material are disposable, recyclable cages made?
Polyethylene
How many grams of food per day does a mouse eat after weaning?
A) 2-4
B) 3-5
C) 5-7
D) 7-9
B
Require 12 g of food per 100 g body weight per day
How many mL of water does an adult mouse drink per day?
A) 3-4
B) 4-5
C) 5-6
D) 6-7
D
Decreased water intake will decrease food consumption
How many lung lobes does a mouse have? Left and right?
5 total - One left lobe and 4 right lobes (superior, middle, inferior and postcaval)
What is the vertebral formula for the mouse?
C7 T13 L6 S4 C28
How many pairs of mammary glands does a mouse typically have?
A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7
B (Rats typically have 6 pairs)
Age of sexual maturity in mice?
28-49 days
What are the accessory sex glands of the male mouse?
1 pair of coagulating glands
1 pair of vesicular glands
1 pair of preputial glands
1 pair of ampullary glands
1 pair of bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s glands)
2 pairs of prostate glands (dorsal and ventral)
What is the Whitten effect?
Male pheromones stimulate synchronous estrus in a female population (Majority of female mice will enter a new estrus cycle by the 3rd day of exposure)
A WITTY male turns them on
What is the Bruce effect?
If pregnant mice are exposed to strange males during the pre-implantation period (1-5 days post breeding) the pregnancy will be aborted. Seen most frequently within 24-48 hr post-breeding.
What is the Lee-Boot effect?
When female mice are housed together in small groups without a male present, there is an increase in the incidence of spontaneous pseudopregnancy
What is the Vandenbergh effect?
Accidental exposure of prepubescent female mice to male urine accelerates female puberty
Vroom to puberty
What is the Hoover-Drichamer effect?
Presence of urine from a foreign pregnant or lactating female prolongs estrus
DRichamer –> Estrus DRaggs on
Duration of gestation in a mouse?
19-21 days
What are pheromones and what are the definitions of releaser pheromones, primer pheromones and signaler pheromones?
Pheromones = Diverse chemical factors that trigger innate (non-learned) social responses among conspecifics
Releaser pheromone = A pheromone that elicits immediate behavioral response
Primer pheromone = A pheromone that mediates a slowly developing and longer lasting endocrine response
Signaler pheromone = A pheromone that conveys individual or group identity + mediates parent-offspring recognition and mate choice
What are major urinary proteins (Mups)?
Components of chemosensory communication in mice
Cluster of 21 Mups genes on chromosome 4 (“urine on the floor”)
Small soluble lipocalins that bind pheromones and function as transporters and stabilizers; also act as pheromones themselves
Excreted in urine, nasal mucosa, lacrimal glands and salivary glands
Also kairomones (chemical signals b/t species)
Potent allergens ex. Mus m 1 (Mup 17 gene)
Type of placentation in mice?
Discoid, labyrinhine, hemochorial
Urine output of a mouse?
1 mL/day
According to The Guide, what are the acceptable temperature and humidity ranges for rooms housing mice?
Temp = 68-79F
Humidity = 30-70%
What is the thermoneutral zone of a mouse?
29.6-30.5C/85.3-86.9F according to BB or 26-34C according to The Guide
What is the blood volume of a mouse?
~5 ml/100 g
What is the predominant immune cell type of a mouse?
Lymphocyte
of toes on a mouse foot?
5
Dental formula of mice?
(I1/1, C0/0, PM0/0, M3/3)x2 = 16
Incisors hypsodontic
Third molars small and may be absent
What is the Harderian gland and where is it located?
Deep within the orbit of the eye
Produces porphyrin
When do eyes and ears open in mouse pups?
Ears - 2-3 days (Can hear at 21 days)
Eyes - 12-14 days
Nonagouti locus
Chromosome 2
A (agouti) = Wildtype
A^Y > A^vY > A^W > A = a^t > a > a^e > a^l
Yellow (A^Y) lethal when homozygous
Tyrp1 locus
Chromosome 4
Black (Tyrp1^+) = Wildtype
Tyrp1+ > Tyrp^b (brown)
Tyr locus
Chromosome 7
Tyr (pigmented) = Wildtype
Tyr^+ > Tyr^c = Tyr^c-ch=Tyr^c-e=Tyr^c-ch (Recessive genes act in semidominant manner with each other)
Tyr^c epistatic when homozygous
Albinism associated with blindness
Myo5a locus
Chromosome 9
Myo5a^+ (Non-dilute) = Wildtype
Myo5a^+ > Myo5a^d (dilute)
Oca2 locus
Chromosome 7
Oca2^P = Wildtype (black eyes)
P > p (pink eyes, dilute)
Mlph locus
Chromosome 1
Mlph+ = Wildtype
+ > ln (leaden; usually indistinguishable from dilute)
Kit locus
Chromosome 5
Kit^+ = Wildtype
W-y, W and Wsh –> Various white spotting patterns; associated with mast cell deficiency and poor gametogenesis
Lyst locus
Chromosome 13
Lyst^+ = Wildtype
bg-j –> Beige; lysosomal trafficking defects, resemples Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Ednrb locus
Chromosome 14
+ = Wildtype
s = Piebald; associated with aganglionic megacolon
Hirchsprung’s diseases
Mo locus
X-chromosome (sex-linked)
Atp7a^+ = Wildtype
Atp7a^mo = Tortoiseshell/brindle; resembles menkes disease (copper transport issues)
Menke’s disease
How many chromosomes does a mouse have?
40
Definitions of isogenic and co-isogenic?
Isogenic = Genetically identical to each other at all loci
Co-isogenic = Only differ at one locus
What is the definition of a substrain?
Branches of an inbred strain that are separated after F20, but before F40 and have been separated for 100 generations
Definitions of congenic and consomic
Congenic = Strain in which a gene with an allele of interest is transferred to a different genetic background
Consomic = A whole chromosome is transferred to a different genetic background
Definitions of outcross, incross, intercross and backcross?
Outcross = Mating unlike homozygotes
Incross = Mating like homozygotes
Intercross = Mating heterozygotes
Backcross = Mating of a homozygote with a heterozygote
What is a recombinant inbred mouse? How is it made and what is the nomenclature?
Developed by single-pair random matings of mice from an F2 generation created by crossing mice of 2 inbred strains.
- Outcross two inbred lines to create F1 hybrids –> 2. Intercross F1 hybrids to create F2 –> 3. Inbreed each line of interest separately for 20 generations to create RI
Ex. Collaborative cross mice
Female strain x male strain#/lab code (BxD1/Ty)
What is a recombinant congenic? How is it made and what is the nomenclature?
Similar to RI, but 1+ backcrosses to one parental strain are made after the F1 generation before inbreeding begins
Background strain c donor strain # (CcS1)
What is an advanced intercross line? How is it made and what is the nomenclature?
Subset of RI
Intercross to create F1 –> Intercross to create F2 –> Intercross subsequent generations while avoiding sibling mating
Purpose = To recombine tightly linked genes
Lab code:Strain1,Strain2-Generation # (Pri:B6,D2-G6)
What is a coisogenic strain and what is the nomenclature?
Single mutation in an inbred strain (usually spontaneous)
Strain - gene (in italics) (C3H/HeSn-ash/+)
What is a congenic strain? Nomenclature?
Short chromosomal segment of interest was transferred from another strain or stock from repeated backcrossing (at least 10 backcross generations)
Background strain.donor strain - allele (B6.AKR-H2^k)
What is an insipient congenic? Nomenclature?
Backcrossing for a congenic strain is incomplete (N5-9)
Background strain;donor strain - allele (B6;129-Abc^tm12zz)
What is a consomic strain? Nomenclature?
A chromosome has been transferred from a donor strain to a background strain
Host strain - Chr#^Donor strain (C57BL/6J-Chr 19^SPR)
What is a conplastic strain? Nomenclature?
Male nuclear genome of one inbred strain is backcrossed to female cytoplasmic genome of another strain for at least 10 generations
Male strain - mt^female strain (C57BL/6J-mt^BALB/c)
What is a segregating inbred strain? Nomenclature?
Inbred strain in which a particular allele/mutation is maintained in a heterozygous state. Maintained by inbreeding 20+ generations with forced heterozygosity at each generation for the locus of interest
Nomenclature like a normal inbred strain but allele is italicized
What is the nomenclature for a transgenic strain?
Strain - Tg, mode of insertion, (inserted DNA), number assigned, lab code
Ex. FVB/N - TgN(MBP)1Xxx
What does CRISPR stand for?
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
Nude mouse
Foxn1^nu (Chromosome 11; spontaneous)
Blocks normal thymic epithelium dev. –> No T cell development in thymus, but extrathymic T cell differentiation pathways functional –> Leaky
SCID mouse
Prkdc^scid (Chromosome 16; spontaneous)
Defect in repair of ds DNA breaks –> VDJ recombination does not occur and functional B and T cells can’t develop –> No B or T cells
Leaky w/ age
Very sensitive to irradiation
Rag1/Rag2 mice
Rag1^tm1 or Rag2^tm1 (Chromosome 2, GEM)
KO Rag gene –> Unable to initiate VDJ recombination –> No functional T or B cells (Earlier in VDJ process so no leakiness)
NOD mouse
Non-obese diabetic, polygenic
Type 1 diabetes due to immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic islets
Immunoweird - Defects in antigen presentation, T cell regulation, NK cell function, cytokine production, lack complement C5
Background for higher order immunodeficients
Beige mouse
Lyst^bg (Chromosome 13, spontaneous)
Lysosomal storage disease –> Model for Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Reduced granulocyte bactericidal activity and NK cell deficient
Beige colored
XID mouse
Btk^xid (X Chromosome, spontaneous)
Brunton’s tyrosine kinase mutation (important for B cell maturation and signaling) –> B cell deficiency
Model of X-linked agammaglobulinemia
Moth-eaten mouse
Ptpn6^me (Chromosome 6, spontaneous)
Protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 6 –> Deficiency of NK and cytotoxic T cells
Name refers to moth-eaten coat secondary to folliculitis
Used to study apoptosis and autoimmune syndromes
Short lifespan (3 weeks in homozygotes due to autoimmune pneumonitis)
Gamma-c null mouse
X chromosome
Signaling component for many cytokines –> Deficiency in B and T cells, no NK cells –> Severe combined immunodeficiency
NSG or NRG
Lack B, T and NK cells
Engrafts widest range of solid and hematolymphoid cancers
NSGS
Same as NSG + Tgs to support engraftment of human hematopoietic lineages
CMV-IL3 = Human IL-3; Supports hematopoietic stem cell, megakaryocyte, basophil and eosinophil development
CSF2 = Human GM-CSF; myeloid differentiation
KITLG = Human KIT ligand; supports myeloid engraftment and mast cell development (Binds human and mouse orthologs)
Used for creation of humanized mice
MRL.lpr mouse
Fas^lpr: Lymphoproliferation spontaneous mutation in the apoptosis-signaling receptor Fas antigen; premature termination of transcription
Hypergammaglobulinemia, anti-dsDNA autoantibodies, massive lymphadenopathy (proliferation of T-cells), glomerulonephritis, splenomegaly
Spontaneous model of SLE and Sjogren syndrome
Gld mouse
Fasl^gld: Fas ligand mutation –> Generalized lymphoproliferative diseaes
Autoimmunity similar to lpr mouse
Increased B and T cells and massive lymphadenopathy
Clinical signs dep on background strain
Spontaneous model of autoimmunity/SLE
BXSB.yaa mouse
Recombinant inbred strain derived from B6 and SB/Le mice
Y chromosome autoimmune accelerator locus (yaa) –> Autoimmunity to self-antigens, glomerulonephritis, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy in MALE mice only
Mortality by 6 months
Spontaneous model of autoimmunity/SLE
BWF1 mouse
NZB x NZW outcross
One of the most well-characterized models of murine lupus (spontaneous)
Glomerulonephritis and systemic autoimmunity
ApoE KO mice
Apolipoprotein E involved in fat metabolism
Mice develop aortic atherosclerotic plaques similar to humans when fed a regular diet
Model of CV disease
LDL receptor KO (LDLR KO) mice
Model of CV disease
Less overt w/ slower growing plaques when fed a normal diet, but severe aortic atherosclerotic lesions when fed high fat/cholesterol diet
ob mouse
Obese mouse
Circulating leptin deficient –> Morbid obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia
db mouse
Diabetes mouse (Recessive mutation)
Leptin receptor dysfunction –> Model of leptin resistance
Mahogany (mg) mouse
Mutation in the attractin gene that makes mice resistant to diet-induced obesity
Leaner than wt mice
tubby (tb) mouse
Late-onset obesity w/o diabetes
Deafness and retinal degeneration
Lethal yellow agouti (A^Y) mouse as a model of obesity
Moderate to late-onset obesity, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance
Dominant mutation on chromosome 2
Homozygotes –> Pre-implantation lethality
NZO mouse
Inbred strain bred for increased BW (Can be massively obese)
Model for metabolic syndrome
Fat stored primarily in abdomen, hyperinsulinemic, but not severely hyperglycemis
KK mouse
Inbred strain bred for increased body weight (moderate obesity)
Hyperinsulinemia and impaired glucose tolerance
Wellesley mouse
F1 hybrid between C3H and I
Hyperinsulinemia and mod. hyperglycemic
Which mouse strain is used in immunology as a source of Thy1.1 antigen? Other main use of this strain?
AKR
Develop spontaneous leukemia –> Used in cancer biology
The A mouse has a high incidence of spontaneously and chemically-induced _____
Lung adenomas –> Used for cancer biology research
What strain is known to form plasmacytomas after injection with mineral oil?
BALB/c
What condition is the DBA/1 mouse used to model?
Rheumatoid arthritis
Immunization w/ type II collagen –> Development of severe autoimmune polyarthritis
What two common strains often exhibit acallosity?
BALB/c and 129
What common strain spontaneously develops reticulum cell sarcomas resembling Hodgkin’s disease?
SJL
What strain develops nephrogenic diabetes insipidus with age?
SWR
NZB/B1N mouse
High incidence of IMHA and model for SLE
Autoimmunity, hemolytic anemia, proteinuria and immune complex glomerulonephritis (more severe in females)
Agouti
What 5 common strains are blind by weaning? Due to what mutation?
FVB, C3H, SJL, SWR, CBA
Pde6d^rd1 mutation
What 6 common strains develop progressive hearing loss? Due to what mutation?
129, A, BALB/c, C57BL, DBA/1 and 2, NOD
Cdh23^ahl mutation
A/J mice are used as a model for what human condition?
Dysferlin-deficient muscular dystrophy
Homozygous retrotransposon insertion into the dysferlin gene (Dysf^prmd)
AKR mice have a very high incidence of ____ lymphoma
Thymic
What strain was developed by selecting for high mammary tumor incidence associated with MMTV?
C3H
Today, most have been cesarian rederived to eliminate exogenous MMTV, but endogenous still present –> Delayed tumor onset
What two commonly used strains is predisposed to developing acidophilic crystalline pneumonia and hyalinosis?
C57BL and 129
What strain commonly develops persistent mammary hyperplasia?
FVB/N
SJL/J mice are used to model what two human diseases?
Hodgkin’s disease and limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B (Dysf^im mutation)
Also susceptible to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
You perform a gram stain on an impression smear taken of a mouse liver containing white nodules. You see gram positive bacteria in Chinese letter-like configurations. What is the bacterium?
Corynebacterium kutscheri
What is the most common causative agent of botryomycosis in mice? What is the name of the common histo finding?
Staphylococcus spp.
Splendore Hoeppli material
On histology from a sick mouse, you see perivascular granulomatosis with accumulations of large, foamy epithelioid macrophages. What is the likely causative agent? What stain should you use to look for it?
Mycobacterium spp.
Acid/fast stain –> Fite-Faraco, Ziehl-Nielsen, Kinyoun
B6 and BALB/c susceptible and DBA/2, C3H resistant
What is the expected gross appearance of the lungs from a mouse with respiratory mycoplasmosis?
A cobblestone appearance
What is the appropriate stain to use when you suspect CAR bacillus infection?
Warthin-Starry silver stain
What is the causative agent of Tyzzer’s disease?
Clostridium piliforme (only gram negative clostridium)
Obligate intracellular, spore-forming bacillus
You suspect Tyzzer’s disease as the cause for a spate of unexpected deaths in a mouse colony. What are the expected gross and histo findings? Best stain(s) to look for causative agent? Resistant and susceptible strains?
Necrosis in liver and intestine (not usually heart)
Coagulative necrosis with intracellular pick-up-sticks
Silver, Geimsa or PAS stain
Susceptible = DBA/2, CBA/N, C3
Resistant = C57BL/6, AL/N, A/HeN, AKR/N, CBA/CaHN, C3H/HeN+, NNIH
What is the causative agent of transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia? What is the hallmark gross pathologic finding? What strains are resistant and susceptible?
Citrobacter rodentium (gram negative rod)
Severe thickening of descending colon
Susceptible = C3H/H3J, AKR, FVB
Resistant = DBA, BALB/c, B6, NIH Swiss
What is the best way to keep Pseudomonas aeruginosa out of your mouse colonies?
Acidify or hyperchlorinate the drinking water
What strains are susceptible to Helicobacter-associated hepatitis? What strains are resistant?
Susceptible = A/J, SCID NCr, BALB/c, C3H/HeNCr, SJL/NCr
Resistant = C57BL/6J
Ectromelia virus - DNA or RNA virus? Enveloped or non-enveloped? Family and genus?
Enveloped DNA virus
Poxviridae family and orthopox genus
What strains are highly susceptible to ectromelia virus? Resistant?
Susceptible = BALB/c, A, DBA, C3H, SWR
Resistant = C57BL/6, AKR, SJL
What is pathognomonic for ectromelia virus?
Lesions in the liver, spleen and intestine with intracytoplasmic inclusions
Mouse cytomegalovirus - DNA or RNA? Enveloped or non-enveloped? Family? Subfamily? Genus?
Enveloped DNA virus
Family = Herpesviridae, Subfamily = Betaherpesvirinae, Genus = Muromegalovirus
Expected histo findings in a mouse infected by cytomegalovirus?
Megalocytes with intranuclear and/or cytoplasmic inclusions in the salivary glands
Strains susceptible to cytomegalovirus? Resistant?
Susceptible = BALB/c, A
Resistant = B6, B10, CBA, C3H
Mouse thymic virus - DNA or RNA? Enveloped or not? Family? Subfamily? Genus?
Enveloped DNA virus
Family = Herpesviridae, Subfamily = Betaherpesvirinae, Genus = Muromegalovirus
Minute virus of mice - DNA or RNA? Enveloped or not? Family?
Non-enveloped, DNA virus
Family = Parvoviridae
Mouse parvovirus - DNA or RNA? Enveloped or not? Family?
Non-enveloped, DNA virus
Family = Parvoviridae
Murineadenovirus - DNA or RNA? Enveloped or not? Family? Genus?
Non-enveloped, DNA virus
Family = Adenoviridae, Genus = Mastadenovirus
What strains are susceptible to adenovirus? Resistant?
Susceptible = <3wk, B6, DBA/2, SJL, SWR, outbred CD-1
Resistant = BALB/c, C3H/HeJ
Histo findings associated with adenovirus infection?
Intranuclear inclusions in intestinal epithelium especially distal SI
Polyomavirus - DNA or RNA? Enveloped or not? Family?
Non-enveloped, DNA virus
Family = Polyomaviridae
K virus (murine pneumotropic virus) - DNA or RNA? Enveloped or not? Family?
Non-enveloped, DNA virus
Family = Polyomaviridae
Lactate dehydrogenase elevating virus - DNA or RNA? Enveloped or not? Family? Genus?
RNA, enveloped virus
Family = Arteriviridae, Genus = Arterivirus
Clinical sign seen in immunodeficient mice infected with LDV? Route of infection?
Poliomyelitis
Route - Mechanical transfer (aggression), contaminated biologics
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - DNA or RNA? Enveloped or not? Family? Genus?
Enveloped, RNA virus
Family = Arenaviridae, Genus = Arenavirus
How is LCMV transmitted? Clinical signs in people?
Contact, aerosol, vertical, biologics
In people, CS = Flu-like symptoms to severe CNS dz
Sendai virus - DNA or RNA? Enveloped or not? Family? Genus?
Enveloped, RNA virus
Family = Paramyxoviridae, Genus = Respirovirus
Gross pathology associated with Sendai virus infection in a mouse?
Partial to complete lung consolidation, plum colored serosanguinous froth
Cell tropism of Sendai virus?
Airway epithelium and type II pneumocytes
Rotavirus (EDIM) - DNA or RNA? Enveloped or not? Family?
Non-enveloped, RNA virus
Family = Reoviridae
Mouse hepatitis virus (LIVIM) - DNA or RNA? Enveloped or not? Family?
Enveloped, RNA virus
Family = Coronaviridae
Gross pathology expected in a mouse pup infected with mouse hepatitis virus?
Empty stomach, runted, yellow-white foci in multiple tissues (liver)
Theiler’s mutine encephalomyelitis virus - DNA or RNA? Enveloped or not? Family? Genus?
Non-enveloped, RNA virus
Family = Picornoviridae, Genus = Cardiovirus
Clinical sign of TMEV? Susceptible strains? Resistant?
Flaccid posterior paralysis
Susceptible = SJL, DBA/2, C3H/He, SWR, PLJ
Resistant = BALB/c, B6, A, 129
Mouse norovirus - DNA or RNA? Enveloped or not? Family? Genus?
Non-enveloped, RNA virus
Family = Caliciviridae, Genus = Norovirus
Hantavirus - DNA or RNA? Enveloped or not? Family?
Enveloped, RNA virus
Family = Bunyaviridae
Mammary tumor virus - DNA or RNA? Enveloped or not? Genus?
Enveloped, RNA virus
Genus = Betaretrovirus
Retroelement
Mouse leukemia virus - DNA or RNA? Enveloped or not? Genus?
Enveloped, RNA virus
Genus = Gammaretrovirus
Retroelement
Strains that develop MMTV associated mammary carcinoma?
C3H, DBA, GRS, SJL
Strains that develop MLV associated lymphoma?
AKR (thymic), BALB/c (late onset multicentric lymphoma)
Myobia musculi
Fur mite of mice
Non-burrowing, found at base of hair shaft (head, neck, shoulders, flank)
Feeds on extracellular tissue fluids –> Immune sensitization of the host
Spread by direct contact
Dx: Skin scrape, tape test
Tx: Ivermectin and chlorpyrifos
Mycoptes musculinus
Mange mite
Non-burrowing, fur mite (face, head, neck, inguinal regions, base of tail)
Feeds on superficial epidermal tissue
Dx: Tape test, direct exam of pelage
Tx: Ivermectin and chlorpyrifos
Psoregates simplex
Burrowing mite (all stages within a single hair follicle/lesion)
Transmission by direct contact
CS = Small white subdermal nodules, variable pruritis, auricular mange
Tx: Ivermectin
Radfordia affinis
Non-burrowing, fur mite
Second pair of claws with uneven length
Pathogenesis, CS, Dx and Tx similar to M. musculi
Ornithonyssus bacoti
Tropical rat mite
Crazy legs
Rats and mice
CS = Intense pruritis, anemia, debilitation, infertility, death
Dx = ID of engorged mite
Tx = Malathion, chlorpyrifos, ivermectin
Dz vector
Sarcoptes scabei
Burrowing mite
Wide host range, zoonotic
Liponyssoides sanguineus
House mouse mite
Mice, rats and humans (primarily wild rodents)
Bloodsucking, only on host when feeding
Causes rash in humans and vector for rickettsial pox (R. akari)
Demodex musculi
Cigar-shaped
Transmitted during nursing
Found in follicles
Dx = Deep skin scrape, hair plucks, histology
Polyplax serrata
Common louse of lab mice
Eggs on the base of hair shafts
CS = Erythema, pruritis, anemia, restlessness
Dx = Exam of pelage, tape test
Tx = Rederivation
Transmit Mycoplasma coccoides, Francisella tularensis
Polyplax spinulosa
Spined rat louse
Rats, mice, voles, GPs
Eggs near skin
CS = Unthrifty, restless, pruritis, dermatitis, anemia
Transmits Rickettsia typhi, Mycoplasma haemomuris, Trypanosoma lewisi, Brucella brucei, Borrelia duttoni
What type of stain is used to visualize Pneumocystis species on histology?
Silver stains
Ringworm of mice and GPs? Dx?
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Dx = Hair pluck from periphery of lesion, deep skin scrape, staining of histo section with silver stain or Schiff’s reagent, culture
Tx = Rederivation
Hymenolepis/rodentolepis nana
Dwarf tapeworm - infects mice, rats, humans
Eggs have prominent polar filaments and rostellar hooks
CS = Weight loss and focal enteritis in young mice
Only cestode that does not require an intermediate host
PPP = 20-30 days
Dx = Fecal float, open intestine in peri dish of warm tap water to see adults
Tx = Praziquantel, albendazole, mebendazole, thiabendazole
Syphacia obvelata
Mouse pinworm
Eggs flattened on one side with pointed ends
CS = Usually subclinical; rectal prolapse, intussusception, enteritis, fecal impaction
Direct lifecycle, fecal-oral
Worms mature and mate in cecum and females lay eggs on perineal skin
Dx = Tape test, PCR of fecal pellets
Tx = Piperazine, ivermectin, benzimidazole compounds, fenbendazole + decontamination
Aspiculuris tetraptera
Mouse pinworm
Ellipsoidal eggs
CS = Usually subclinical; rectal prolapse, intussusception, enteritis, fecal impaction
Direct lifecycle
Lay eggs in LI
Dx = Fecal
How can you differentiate Myobia musculi from Radfordia affinis?
Myobia –> One claw on second pair of legs
Radfordia –> Two asymmetric claws on second pair of legs
Strains known for soft tissue mineralization of the heart?
BALB/c, C3H, DBA
What strain is known to develop Reye’s like syndrome? What is it?
BALB/cByJ
Rapidly deteriorating encephalopathy secondary to hepatic dysfunction and hyperammonia
Swollen, pale liver and kidneys
What strains commonly exhibit acallosity?
BALB/c and 129
What strains are prone to audiogenic seizures?
DBA/2, SJL, LP
Strains that are homozygous for the Pde6d^rd1 mutation? Phenotype?
C3H, FVB, SJL, FVB, CBA, SWR
Blindness due to rod degeneration
What type of neoplasia do C3H mice develop? Why?
Mammary tumors (100% of females by 9 months)
Endogenous MMTVs
What strain is highly susceptible to pulmonary adenomas/adenocarcinomas?
A
What strains are especially prone to hepatocellular tumors?
A and DBA
What strains are prone to pituitary gland adenomas and what do those adenomas produce?
B6, Swiss mice, FVB/N
Prolactin
Mice have an absolute requirement for a dietary source of what essential fatty acids?
Linoleic and arachadonic acid
