Animal Welfare Act and Regulations Flashcards
In what year was the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act passed?
1966
What agency was empowered by the AWA to develop and enforce the AWRs?
USDA
What changes were made in the 1970 AWA amendment?
1) Name changed to Animal Welfare Act
2) Covered species = All warm blooded animals used for teaching, exhibitions and wholesale
3) Coverage not dependent on animals crossing state lines
4) Required appropriate use of anesthetics and covered care during research
5) Required annual report w/ assurance
What public concerns drove creation of the 1976 AWA amendment?
Animal fighting ventures and animals transport
What changes to the AWA were made in the 1976 amendment?
1) Prohibited interstate promotion or shipment of animals for fighting venues
2) Expanded definition of a carrier (any enterprise transporting regulated animals) and required licensing of carriers
3) Standards for shipping containers, feed, water, rest, ventilation, temperature and handling during transport
The 1985 AWA amendment was included in what act?
The Food Security Act of 1985
What species were covered by the original Laboratory Animal Welfare Act?
Dogs, cats, primates, rabbits, hamsters and guinea pigs
What changes were made by the 1985 amendment to the AWA?
1) Strengthened standards, increased enforcement and mandated dissemination of info to prevent duplication
2) Mandated training
3) Required standards for exercising dogs and psychological wellbeing of NHPs
4) Added requirements for control of pain and multiple survival surgeries
5) Established the Animal Welfare Information Center (AWIC)
5) Mandated the creation of IACUCs
What change was made in the 2002 amendment to the Animal Welfare Act?
Excluded birds, rats of the genus Rattus and mice of the genus Mus bred for use in research
What changes were made by the 2007 amendment to the AWA?
Prohibited knowingly selling, buying, transporting or delivering a sharp object for attachment to the leg of a bird for animal fighting
What changes were made by the 2008 AWA amendment?
1) Required that dogs imported into the US be at least 6 m.o., in good health and have all required vx.
2) Strengthened dog fighting prohibitions
3) Increased fines for violations of the AWA
What changes were made by the 2013 AWA amendment?
Excluded owners of common domesticated household pets who do not derive a significant amount of their income from exhibition of animals from licensing requirements
What changes did the 2019 AWA amendment make?
Prohibited animal fighting in US territories where it was previously permitted by local law
Current definition of an animal according to the AWA?
Any living or dead dog, cat, NHP, guinea pig, hamster, rabbit or any other warm-blooded animal which is being used for research, teaching, testing, experimentation or exhibition purposes or as a pet. Excludes birds, rats (genus Rattus) and mice (genus Mus) bred for use in research, horses not used for research and other farm animals used for food/fiber research
What does APHIS stand for?
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
When can APHIS perform an inspection?
7 AM - 7 PM Mon-Fri except for federal holidays
How does a class A dealer differ from a class B dealer?
A class A dealer breeds animals on its premises for research purposes in a closed or stable colony. Animals are acquired for the sole purpose of maintaining or enhancing the breeding colony. A class B dealer purchases animals for resale (broker)
According to the AWA, who is responsible for appointing the IACUC?
CEO of the research facility
According to the AWA, who is required to be members of the IACUC?
3 members required. Chairman, veterinarian and non-affiliated member
T/F - A company that sells blood, serum or organs for research or teaching is considered a dealer and is regulated under the AWA
True
The term “exhibitor” excludes…
Retail pet stores, horse/dog racing, livestock shows, rodeos, field trials, purebred dog/cat shows, fairs/exhibitions intended to advance agricultural arts/sciences
Define the term “field study”
Study conducted on free-living wild animals in natural habitat (excludes any invasive procedures or studies that materially alter the behavior of the animal)
When are rabbits, chinchilla or mink considered to be farm animals and therefore not covered under the AWA?
When they are raised for meat or fur
A surface which does not permit the absorption of fluids, will not retain odors and can be repeatedly cleaned and disinfected is said to be…
Impervious
What humidity range is required to be maintained in any indoor housing facility?
30-70%
Define institutional official (IO)
Individual authorized to legally commit on behalf of the research facility (“Go to jail person”)
What constitutes a major operative procedure according to the AWA?
If a body cavity is penetrated and exposed or if it produces permanent impairment of physical or psychological functions (The Guide adds extensive tissue dissection/trauma)
How is a painful procedure defined by the AWA?
Anything that would reasonable be expected to cause more than momentary pain or distress in a human being, in excess of that being caused by an injection or other minor procedure
What is a primary enclosure?
A structure or device used o restrict an animal to a limited amount of space
According to the AWA, what is a quorum of an IACUC?
A majority of the members
What does sanitize mean?
To make physically clean and to remove and destroy to the maximum degree that is practical, agents injurious to health
Who is the Secretary referred to in the AWA?
The secretary of agriculture
Define a study area
Any building, room, area or enclosure outside a core facility in which animals are housed for >12 hours
When is an animal considered weaned?
When an animal is accustomed to taking solid food without nursing for a period of at least 5 days
What are the requirements for an attending veterinarian?
1) Degree from an AVMA accredited vet shool, AVMA foreign veterinary graduate certificate or equivalent formal education determined by administrator 2) Training and/or experience in care and management of species 3) Direct or delegated authority
Which of the following persons are exempt from obtaining a license? (p. 24)
A) Retail pet stores
B) Any person selling that derives no more than $500 gross income from sales per year
C) Any person selling fewer than 25 dogs/cats per year (born/raised on premises)
D) Any person who arranges for transportation or transports animals for shows, grooming, medical treatment, food or fiber
E) Any person maintaining 4 or fewer breeding females and selling offspring
F) All of the above
All of the above
A voluntary license, issued to any person selling fewer than 25 dogs or cats for research or teaching is what class? (A or B)
Class A - Breeder (born and raised on premises)
T/F - The license for a facility may be transferred to a new owner.
False - The license is issues to a specific person for a specific premises and does not transfer to a different person or location
T/F - If an applicant fails the inspection, he or she must wait 6 months before reapplying for a license.
False - An applicant has two more chances to pass inspection if the first inspection fails. Applicant must request 2nd inspection within 90 days of 1st inspection. If he/she fails the 3rd inspection, then the applicant must wait 6 months before reapplying
A registrant may be placed in an inactive status after ___ years of not using, handling or transporting animals.
A) 2 years
B) 5 years
C) Never
2 years
How does a registrant request to cancel a license?
Make a written request to the AC regional director
How often must the semiannual report be updated, according to the AWA?
Every 6 months
What is the minimum number of IACUC members required on a subcommittee updating a facility inspection report?
2
Which of the following is NOT a function of the IACUC?
A) Review of the facility program annually
B) Inspection of all animal facilities every 6 months
C) Review and investigation of concerns about the care of animals
D) Authorization to suspend any activities involving use of animals in research
A - The facility program should be reviewed every 6 months
What is the definition of a “significant deficiency?”
A deficiency that is or may be a threat to the health or safety of the animals
Failure to adhere to a plan/schedule for rectifying a significant deficiency that remains uncorrected must be reported in writing by the IACUC (through the IO) to APHIS within…
A) 15 days
B) 15 business days
C) 30 days
D) 30 business days
B
No animal can undergo more than 1 major operative procedure unless…
1) Scientific justification in writing
2) Surgery is clinically necessary
3) In other circumstances determined by the administrator
A designated reviewer of a protocol has the authority to do all of the following EXCEPT…
A) Approve
B) Require modifications
C) Request full committee review
D) Withhold approval
D - Only FCR can withhold approval
What is the procedure to suspend a protocol?
Full committee review + vote
Name the 5 areas in which training and instruction must be provided to research personnel.
1) Humane methods of animal maintenance and experimentation (including basic needs, handling, aseptic surgical methods)
2) The need to limit the use of animals or minimize distress
3) Proper use of anesthetics and analgesics
4) How to report animal misuse
5) How to access information on methods and alternative to animal use
The duties of the attending veterinarian include all of the following EXCEPT…
A) Be a voting member of the IACUC
B) Have the appropriate authority to ensure the adequate care of all animals
C) Daily observation of all animals
D) Provide guidance to the PIs and other research personnel
C
Each dog or cat must have the following in the animal record:
A) Name and address of vendor
B) Date of acquisition
C) Description of animal
D) Official USDA tag number or tattoo
E) All of the above
E
Records of a research facility activity must be maintained for how long?
3 years after completion of the activity
The annual report should be submitted on or before ____ and covers the previous fiscal year
December 1st (Covers Oct 1 - Sep 30)
The IACUC of a federal research facility reports to what agency?
The head of the federal agency conducting the research
Identify the APHIS forms:
APHIS form 7001
APHIS form 7002
APHIS form 7003
APHIS form 7005
APHIS form 7006
APHIS form 7009
APHIS form 7023
7001 - Health certificate
7002 - Program of veterinary care
7003 - Annual report for license renewal
7005 - Acquisition of dogs/cats on hand
7006 - Disposition of dogs/cats (6 ft under)
7009 - Approval of holding facilities
7023 - Annual report for USDA
What information must be included on official tags?
Number identifying the state and dealer/exhibitor/research facility, number identifying the animal, the letters “USDA”
Minimum dimensions of circular and oblong official tags?
Circular - Not less than 1.25 in. diameter
Oblong - Not less than 2 in. x 0.75 in and riveted to collar
How long must a facility wait before reusing a tag number?
5 years
Any dog or cat acquired by a dealer/exhibitor shall be held for a period of not less than ___ not including the day of acquisition. What about dogs/cats acquired from a private pound/shelter?
5 days, including a Saturday. 10 days for private pound/shelter animals
How often must hard surfaces with which dogs/cats come into contact be spot cleaned?
Daily
When dogs and cats are in an indoor housing facility, the ambient temperature in the facility must not fall below ___ for those animals not acclimated to lower temperatures and for sick, aged, young or infirm animals, except as approved by the AV
50F (10C)
What is the max temp, for 4 consecutive hours, for dogs/cats when housed indoors?
85F
What is the minimum temp, for 4 consecutive hours, for dogs/cats when housed indoors?
45F
If the suspended floor of a primary enclosure is constructed of metal strands, the strands must be ___ inch in diameter or coated?
1/8 inch
Shelters in outdoor facilities must contain bedding if the ambient temp is below 50F and additional bedding if temp is below ___
35F
The height of a primary enclosure must be at least ___ inches higher than the head of the tallest dog in the enclosure when it is in a normal standing position
6 in
Not more than ___ adult non-conditioned dogs/cats may be housed in the same primary enclosure
12
Primary enclosures and food/water receptacles for dogs/cats must be sanitized at least ___?
Every 2 weeks
When shipped by air, how many dogs/cats 6+ months of age may be transported in the same primary enclosure?
1
Carriers/handlers cannot accept a dog/cat more than ___ hours before departure
4 (may extend by up to 2 hours)
How often must animals be checked during ground transport?
Every 4 hours
Primary enclosures for transport of dogs/cats must be ___% of total surface area and projecting rim to prevent obstruction must be ___ in.
14% and 0.75 in
Surface area %s for…
1 wall
2 opposing walls
3 walls
4 walls
1 wall - 90% SA
2 opposing walls - 16% SA of both walls
3 walls - 8% SA of the 2 opposing walls and 50% SA of 3rd
4 walls - 8% SA of each wall
How many dogs/cats >8 weeks and of comparable size can be transported in the same primary enclosure by ground transport or private aircraft?
4
Min and max indoor facility ambient temps for guinea pigs and hamsters?
No <60F and no >85F
Can guinea pigs and hamsters be housed outside?
Hamsters - NO
GPs - Need prior approval from deputy administrator
How often should primary enclosures and water receptacles for GPs and hamsters be sanitized?
Every 2 weeks
What species can be fed directly on the floor of the primary enclosure?
Hamster
How many guinea pigs and hamsters can be housed in a primary enclosure for transport?
GPs - 15
Hamsters - 50
Food and water must be provided to hamsters/GPs during transport if transport lasts ___ hours
> 6 hours
Temperature requirements for indoor and outdoor rabbit housing?
Indoor - No requirement for heating; auxiliary ventilation when temps >85F
Outdoor - Artificial cooling via sprinkler or other if >90F; provide shelter when temps <40F
How often must primary enclosures for rabbits be sanitized?
Every 30 days
How often must soiled litter, troughs, pans for rabbits be changed?
Weekly
How many rabbits can be transported in one primary enclosure?
No more than 15 (Same as GPs)
Required height and distance from outdoor NHP primary enclosure for perimeter fences?
6 ft high and 3 ft from primary enclosure
Plan for NHP psychological well-being must be directed by the AV and address…
Social grouping, environmental enrichment, restraint devices, exemptions, special considerations (SERES)
NHP exemptions from the NHP enrichment program must be reviewed how often?
Every 30 days unless permanent or annually for scientific reasons
NHPs requiring special attention regarding environmental enhancement…
Great apes, restricted activity, infants and young juveniles, isolation, psychological distress (GRIP)
Only one NHP can be transported in a primary enclosure unless…
Mother and nursing infant, established M/F pair (not if F in estrus) or compatible pair of juveniles
