Rapid Review - Key Associations (3)

Question 1

Holosystolic murmur

Answer 1

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

Question 2

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

Answer 2

Virchow triad (results in venous thrombosis)

Question 3

Hypertension, 2°

Answer 3

Renal disease

Question 4

Hypoparathyroidism

Answer 4

Accidental excision during thyroidectomy

Question 5

Hypopituitarism

Answer 5

Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

Question 6

Infection 2° to blood transfusion

Answer 6

Hepatitis C

Question 7

Infections in chronic granulomatous disease

Answer 7

Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase (+))

Question 8

Intellectual disability

Answer 8

Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome

Question 9

Kidney stones

Answer 9

• ƒƒ Calcium = radiopaque
• ƒƒ Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease (+) organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus)
• ƒƒ Uric acid = radiolucent

Question 10

Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)

Answer 10

Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)

Question 11

Liver disease

Answer 11

Alcoholic cirrhosis

Question 12

Lysosomal storage disease

Answer 12

Gaucher disease

Question 13

Male cancer

Answer 13

Prostatic carcinoma

Question 14

Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever

Answer 14

Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 15

Malignancy (kids)

Answer 15

ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

Question 16

Metastases to bone

Answer 16

Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid

Question 17

Metastases to brain

Answer 17

Lung > breast > genitourinary > melanoma > GI

Question 18

Metastases to liver

Answer 18

Colon&raquo_space; stomach, pancreas

Question 19

Mitochondrial inheritance

Answer 19

Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only

Question 20

Mitral valve stenosis

Answer 20

Rheumatic heart disease

Question 21

Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease

Answer 21

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 22

Myocarditis

Answer 22

Coxsackie B

Question 23

Nephrotic syndrome (adults)

Answer 23

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Question 24

Nephrotic syndrome (kids)

Answer 24

Minimal change disease

Question 25

Neuron migration failure

Answer 25

Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)

Question 26

Nosocomial pneumonia

Answer 26

Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 27

Obstruction of male urinary tract

Answer 27

BPH

Question 28

Opening snap

Answer 28

Mitral stenosis

Question 29

Opportunistic infection in AIDS

Answer 29

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

Question 30

Osteomyelitis

Answer 30

S. aureus