Rapid Review - Classic Presentations (4) Flashcards
Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability
Parkinson disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)
Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis)
Severe jaundice in neonate
Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
Severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ
Rovsing sign (acute appendicitis)
Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
McBurney sign (acute appendicitis)
Short stature, increased incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
Fanconi anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often progresses to AML)
Single palmar crease
Down syndrome
Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility
Kartagener syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)
Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue
Addison disease (1° adrenocortical insufficiency causes increased ACTH and increased α-MSH production)
Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys
Becker muscular dystrophy (X-linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne)
Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers
Koplik spots (measles; rubeola virus)
Smooth, flat, moist, painless white lesions on genitals
Condylomata lata (2° syphilis)
Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
Bacterial endocarditis
“Strawberry tongue”
Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome
Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema
Turner syndrome (45,XO)
Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)
Swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, petechiae
Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can’t hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)
Swollen, hard, painful finger joints
Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard nodes], DIP [Heberden nodes])
Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
Aortic valve stenosis
Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma
MEN 2A (autosomal dominant ret mutation)
Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis
MEN 2B (autosomal dominant ret mutation)
Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
Babinski sign (UMN lesion)
Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead
Facial nerve (LMN CN VII palsy)
Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male
Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B2
Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain)
Hemangioma (benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome)
Vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations
Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients)
Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
Whipple disease (Tropheryma whipplei)
“Worst headache of my life”
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
