Rapid Review - Classic Labs / Findings (1)

Question 1

Anticentromere antibodies

Answer 1

Scleroderma (CREST)

Question 2

Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

Answer 2

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

Question 3

Anti–glomerular basement membrane antibodies

Answer 3

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

Question 4

Antihistone antibodies

Answer 4

Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide)

Question 5

Anti-IgG antibodies

Answer 5

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonnière deformity)

Question 6

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

Answer 6

1° biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

Question 7

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

Answer 7

Microscopic polyangiitis and Churg-Strauss syndrome (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA); granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)

Question 8

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

Answer 8

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

Question 9

Antiplatelet antibodies

Answer 9

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Question 10

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

Answer 10

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

Question 11

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

Answer 11

Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)

Question 12

“Apple core” lesion on abdominal x-ray

Answer 12

Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

Question 13

Azurophilic peroxidase (+) granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

Answer 13

Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)

Question 14

Bacitracin response

Answer 14

Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)

Question 15

“Bamboo spine” on x-ray

Answer 15

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

Question 16

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

Answer 16

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

Question 17

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

Answer 17

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

Question 18

Bloody tap on LP

Answer 18

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 19

“Boot-shaped” heart on x-ray

Answer 19

Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH

Question 20

Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

Answer 20

Actinomyces israelii

Question 21

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

Answer 21

Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner syndrome)

Question 22

“Brown” tumor of bone

Answer 22

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

Question 23

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

Answer 23

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

Question 24

Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

Answer 24

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

Question 25

“Chocolate cyst” of ovary

Answer 25

Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

Question 26

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

Answer 26

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

Question 27

Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

Answer 27

Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene –>Ž fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

Question 28

Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

Answer 28

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality

Question 29

Degeneration of dorsal column nerves

Answer 29

Tabes dorsalis (3° syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected)

Question 30

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

Answer 30

Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)