Random Flashcards
Lesion of the right inferolateral precentral gyrus
Tongue projects to the left when patient is asked to stick out their tongue (loss of upper motor innervation to the left hypoglossal nucleus)
Weakened ability to smile on the left side (loss upper motor innervation to the ventral half of the left facial motor nucleus)
Other lower motor nuclei are not affected since the left precentral gyrus is still projecting to both the right & left lower motor neuron nuclei
Lesion of the right hypoglossal nucleus
Tongue projects to the right side when patient is asked to stick out their tongue
loss of the lower motor neurons of the right hypoglossal nucleus - nothing innervating the tongue muscles on the right side; left side of tongue dominates & pushes tongue to the right
Lesion of the right trigeminal motor nucleus
Deviated mandible to the right side when asking the patient to open their mouth
loss of the lower motor neurons of the right trigeminal motor nucleus - nothing innervating the muscles of mastication on the right side
resulting in the left side dominating & pushing the mandible to the right side
A lesion to the right CN IX immediately inferior to the jugular foramen is most likely to present with
Decreased gag reflex, abnormal sensation from posterior 1/3rd tongue, variable abnormal taste sensation from the right side
A lesion to the left precentral gyrus is most likely to result in which of the following clinical presentations in regard to CN IX pathways?
No clinical level deficit of the stylopharyngeus muscle
A lesion to CN X at the jugular foramen results in:
Ipsilateral sagging of the soft palate, uvula pulled to the contralateral (normal) side, & hoarseness
A lesion to the right precentral gyrus is most likely to result in which of the following presentations in regard to CN X pathways ?
No clinical level deficit observed
Damage to the left inferolateral precentral gyrus is most likely to result in which clinical presentation in regard to CN XI?
No clinical level deficit of the trapezius or sternocleidomastoid muscles
Damage to the left (spinal) accessory nucleus is most likely to result in which clinical presentation in regard to CN XI?
Weakened ability to elevate the left shoulder and weakened ability to turn the chin to the right side
somatic motor pathway for CN IX only has one target
stylopharyngeus muscle
The parasympathetic pathway associated with CN IX only targets the
parotid gland
Somatic Sensory for CN IX supplies pain & temperature and light touch (not discriminative touch) from the
posterior 1/3rd tongue & middle ear (including internal surface of tympanic membrane)
Visceral Sensory for CN IX Targets include the
carotid body, carotid sinus, & oropharynx
Taste (Special Sensory) for CN IX Supplies the
posterior 1/3rd of the tongue
For CN X Parasympathetic (Visceral Motor) Targets include the
thoracic and abdominal viscera (up to the left colic flexure)
For CN X Visceral Sensory
Targets include the
larynx, larygopharynx, and the thoracic and abdominal organs up to the left colic flexure
For CN X Somatic Motor
Targets include most of the
pharyngeal muscles (except stylopharyngeus muscle), intrinsic laryngeal muscles, & most of the palatal muscles
For CN X Somatic Sensory
Targets include portions of
external ear, external ear canal, & external aspect of the tympanic membrane.
For CN X Taste (Special Sensory)
epiglottis
for CN XI Somatic Motor
Targets =
sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
For CN XII Somatic Motor
Target =
all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue except palatoglossus
Damage to the left inferolateral precentral gyrus is most likely to result in which clinical presentation in regard to CN XII?
Tongue deviates to the right upon protrusion
Damage to the left hypoglossal nucleus is most likely to result in which clinical presentation in regard to CN XII?
Tongue deviates to the left upon protrusion
Posterior border of cavernous sinus
petrous temporal bone
lateral border of cavernous sinus
dura mater
anterior border of cavernous sinus
superior orbital fissure
medial border of cavernous sinus
sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
Which division(s) of the CN V contain both somatic sensory & somatic motor fibers?
CN V3
A lesion to the right CN V between the brainstem and the trigeminal ganglion is most likely to present with:
Loss of sensory from the right side of the face and mandible deviates to the right when opening the mouth
A lesion to the left precentral gyrus is most likely to result in which of the following clinical presentations in regard to CN V pathways ?
No clinical level deficit when opening the mouth
Somatic Motor for CN VII Supplies muscles of
facial expression & pharyngeal arch 2 muscles (posterior belly of the digastric, stylohyoid, & stapedius)
Parasympathetic pathways of CN VII are involved in supplying all of the major & minor
glands of the head except the parotid gland. CN VII supplies the lacrimal gland, submandibular gland, sublingual gland, nasal mucosal glands, & minor salivary glands of the palate and oral cavity.
Special Sensory (Taste)
Taste from the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue and from the palate are conveyed by
CN VII
somatic sensory of CN VII Conveys sensory from the variable area of the
external ear
CN VII may also convey sensory from the concha, a small area posterior to the ear, portions of the external acoustic meatus, & portions of the tympanic membrane
A lesion to the left precentral gyrus is most likely to result in which of the following clinical presentations in regard to CN VII pathways ?
Inability to smile on the right side
A lesion to the left facial motor nucleus is most likely to result in which of the following clinical presentations in regard to CN VII pathways ?
Inability to smile or raise the eyebrow on the left side
A 44-year old presents with loss of sensation from the right side of the face. All other cranial nerve tests are normal. Which of the following is the most likely location of the lesion?
Trigeminal ganglion in the middle cranial fossa
Damage to the solitary nucleus would affect which cranial nerve(s)?
CN VII, IX, and X
Damage to the spinal trigeminal nucleus would affect sensory information from which cranial nerve(s)?
CN V, VII, IX, and X
The EJV forms from the union of
posterior division of the retromandibular vein and the posterior auricular vein
The internal jugular vein lies:
lateral to the common carotid artery
The subclavian vein travels:
anterior to the anterior scalene muscle
The facial and lingual veins either independently or through the common facial vein drain to the:
internal jugular vein
The superior & middle thyroid veins drain to the:
internal jugular vein
A laceration superficial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle is most likely to damage the:
EJV
The roots of the brachial plexus travel:
with the subclavian artery posterior to the anterior scalene muscle
