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809 - Exam 1 Block > Anatomy Review PPT - Herring > Flashcards

Anatomy Review PPT - Herring Flashcards

1
Q

what cranial nerve uses the otic ganglion

A

IX

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2
Q

what cranial nerve uses the superior cervical ganglion

A

X

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3
Q

what cranial nerve uses the pterygopalatine ganglion

A

VII

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4
Q

what cranial nerve uses the ciliary ganglion

A

III

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5
Q

what cranial nerve uses the submandibular ganglion

A

VII

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6
Q

what fibers does the otic ganglion have

A

postGPS

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7
Q

what fibers does the superior cervical ganglion have

A

PostGS

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8
Q

what fibers does the superior ganglion of CN IX have

A

somatic sensory

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9
Q

what fibers does the trigeminal ganglion have

A

somatic sensory

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10
Q

what fibers does the geniculate ganglion

A

somatic sensory
special sensory

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11
Q

what fibers does the superior ganglion of CN X have

A

somatic sensory

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12
Q

what fibers does the pterygopalatine ganglion have

A

postGPS

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13
Q

what fibers does the inferior (nodose) ganglion of CN X have

A

visceral sensory
special sensory

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14
Q

what fibers does the ciliary ganglion have

A

PostGPS

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15
Q

what fibers does the inferior ganglion of CN IX have

A

somatic sensory
visceral sensory
special sensory

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16
Q

what fibers does the submandibular ganglion have

A

PostGPS

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17
Q

the “COPS” ganglia all have what kind of cell bodies?

A

Postganglionic

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18
Q

sensory ganglia all have what kind of cell bodies

A

1st order cell bodies

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19
Q

Sympathetic Pathway to the Head - Preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies are where

A

IML T1 - T4

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20
Q

Sympathetic Pathway to the Head - Preganglionic sympathetic fibers do what

A

ascend through ST

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21
Q

Sympathetic Pathway to the Head - Postganglionic sympathetic cell bodies are what

A

superior cervical ganglion

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22
Q

Sympathetic Pathway to the Head - Postganglionic sympathetic fibers travel on what arteries

A

external and internal arteries

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23
Q

Sympathetic Pathway to the Head - targets?

A

Smooth muscle of arteries, sweat glands, glands & specific eye structures of the head

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24
Q

Sympathetic Pathway to the Neck - Preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies are where

A

IML T1 - T4

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25
Q

Sympathetic Pathway to the Neck - Preganglionic sympathetic fibers do what

A

ascend through ST

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26
Q

Sympathetic Pathway to the Neck - Postganglionic sympathetic cell bodies are where

A

inferior cervical (stellate) ganglion C7 – C8

middle cervical ganglion C5- C6
superior cervical ganglion C1 – C4

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27
Q

Sympathetic Pathway to the Neck - Postganglionic sympathetic fibers do what

A

GRC to Spinal Nerve

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28
Q

Sympathetic Pathway to the Neck - Targets

A

Smooth muscle of arteries & sweat glands of the neck (and upper limb)

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29
Q

Which 3 CN is associated with muscles that move
the eyeball (extra-ocular muscles)

A

CN III, CN IV, CN VI

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30
Q

CN III is what kind of nerve

A

somatic motor

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31
Q

Which branches of the CN V travel through the cavernous sinus

A

V1 and V2

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32
Q

Which CN is involved in sensory from the eyeball & skin at & superior to the eyes

A

CN V1

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33
Q

Which CN is involved in sensory from the skin between the mouth & eyes, maxillary sinus, nasal cavity, & palate

A

CN V2

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34
Q

Which CN is associated with sensory from the skin along the mandible, anterior 2/3rd tongue, & external ear

A

CN V3

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35
Q

What is the somatic motor pathway for cranial nerves

A

corticobulbar pathway

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36
Q

What cranial nerves have their lower motor neurons in the brainstem in the corticobulbar pathway

A

CN III, IV, V3, VI, VII, IX, X, XI, XII

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37
Q

Most upper motor neurons project _______ to their respective lower motor neurons

A

bilaterally

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38
Q

If only one (right or left) precentral gyrus is damaged that there really _________ an effect on
the lower motor neurons (there are 2 exceptions)

A

isn’t

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39
Q

What are the 2 exceptions to most upper motor neurons project bilaterally to their respective lower motor neurons

A

CN VII (part of it) and CN XII

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40
Q

For the facial nerve, the cell bodies in the dorsal half are involved in innervating the muscles of the

A

forehead

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41
Q

For the facial nerve, the cell bodies in the ventral half are involved in innervating
the muscles of the

A

mid-face & lower face

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42
Q

The upper motor neurons target each of the halves of the facial nerve differently.

The dorsal half receives
_________ projections from upper motor neurons (the typical pattern)

A

bilateral

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43
Q

The upper motor neurons target each of the halves of the facial nerve differently.

The ventral half only receives ___________ projections the upper motor neurons

A

contralateral

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44
Q

Upper motor neurons project ________ to the dorsal half of the facial motor nucleus (forehead muscles)

A

bilaterally

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45
Q

Thus the lower motor neurons in the dorsal half of the facial motor nucleus are innervated by the

A

right & left precentral gyri

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46
Q

Upper motor neurons only project ____________ to the ventral half of the facial motor nucleus

A

contralaterally

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47
Q

The lower motor neurons in the ventral half of the facial motor nucleus are only innervated by the

A

contralateral pre central gyrus

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48
Q

Regarding CN VII:

If there is a lesion to either the right or left precentral gyrus, the other precentral gyrus is still sending signals to both the right and left DORSAL halves of the facial motor nuclei so what are symptoms?

A

NONE - patient is totally fine with raising eyebrows and wrinkling the forehead

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49
Q

Regarding CN VII:

If there is a lesion to either the right or left precentral gyrus, there are no signals being sent to the VENTRAL half of the contralateral facial motor nucleus so what are the symptoms if lesioned on the right upper motor neurons?

A

inability to smile on the opposite side of the lesion

inability to smile on left side, but can raise eyebrows / wrinkle forehead

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50
Q

Regarding CN VII:

If there is a lesion to either the right or left precentral gyrus, there are no signals being sent to the VENTRAL half of the contralateral facial motor nucleus so what are the symptoms if lesioned on the left upper motor neurons?

A

inability to smile on the opposite side of the lesion

inability to smile on right side, but can raise eyebrows / wrinkle forehead

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51
Q

Regarding CN XII:

The tongue sticking out in the midline requires the right & left sides of the tongue pushing against each other

So the right side of the tongue pushes to the

A

left

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52
Q

Regarding CN XII:

The tongue sticking out in the midline requires the right & left sides of the tongue pushing against each other

So the left side of the tongue pushes to the

A

right

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53
Q

Regarding CN XII:

If there is a lesion to either the right or left inferolateral precentral gyrus aka upper motor neuron lesion = there are _____ signals being sent to the contralateral hypoglossal nucleus

A

NO

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54
Q

Regarding CN XII:

If there is a lesion to either the right or left inferolateral precentral gyrus aka upper motor neuron lesion = there are no signals being sent to the contralateral hypoglossal nucleus = Right upper motor neurons lesioned =
tongue protrudes to the _____ side

A

left

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55
Q

Regarding CN XII:

If there is a lesion to either the right or left inferolateral precentral gyrus aka upper motor neuron lesion = there are no signals being sent to the contralateral hypoglossal nucleus = Left upper motor neurons lesioned =
tongue protrudes to the _____ side

A

Right

56
Q

Regarding CN XII:

If there is a lesion to the hypoglossal nucleus or
hypoglossal nerve (CN XII):

Right lower motor neurons lesioned = tongue protrudes to the _____ side

A

right

57
Q

Regarding CN XII:

If there is a lesion to the hypoglossal nucleus or
hypoglossal nerve (CN XII):

left lower motor neurons lesioned = tongue protrudes to the _____ side

A

left

58
Q

Potential space for spread of infection or blood

A

loose connective tissue

59
Q

Regarding the scalp, it is supplied primarily from branches of the external carotid artery and internal jugular vein - what are they?

A

Occipital artery & vein

Posterior auricular artery & vein

Superficial temporal artery & vein

60
Q

The anterior scalp is supplied by branches of the internal carotid artery & veins to cavernous sinus - what is it?

A

Supra-orbital A and V

61
Q

The vasculature of the scalp can communicate with dural venous sinuses
through what veins

A

emissary

62
Q

The anterior scalp is supplied by branches of ophthalmic division of trigeminal n (CN V1) - what 2 nerves?

A

Supra-orbital nerve

Supratrochlear nerve

63
Q

The Lateral scalp (temple) is supplied by

A

CN V3

64
Q

The posterior scalp is mainly supplied by

A

greater occipital N (dorsal
ramus of C2)

65
Q

The posterolateral portion of the posterior scalp is supplied by the

A

lesser occipital nerve (from the cervical plexus)

66
Q

Arises from occipital bone

Inserts into epicranial aponeurosis

Retracts scalp

A

Occipital belly of the occiptofrontalis

67
Q

Arises from epicranial aponeurosis

Inserts into skin and subcutaneous tissue of
eyebrows & forehead

Raises eyebrows & wrinkles forehead (horizontal wrinkles)

A

Frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis

68
Q

What peri-orbital muscle closes eyelids (sphincter)

A

Orbicularis oculi

69
Q

What peri-orbital muscle depresses medial end of eyebrow; creates horizontal wrinkle(s) between eyebrows

A

Procerus

70
Q

What peri-orbital muscle draws eyebrow medially
and inferiorly; creates
vertical wrinkles

A

corrugator supercilii

71
Q

What peri-orbital muscle flares nostrils

A

nasalis

72
Q

What peri-oral muscle elevates and protrudes lower lip (pouting) and
assists orbicularis oris in clearing food from
mandibular labial vestibule

A

Mentalis

73
Q

What branch Supplies the supraorbital muscles: frontalis,
corrugator supercilii, procerus, superior aspect
of orbicularis oculi

A

temporal branch

74
Q

What branch supplies inferior aspect of orbicularis oculi,
zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor, levator
labii superioris, and nasalis muscles

A

Zygomatic branch

75
Q

What branch Innervates buccinator, levator anguli oris, superior
aspect of orbicularis oris

A

buccal branch

76
Q

What branch Supplies muscles of lower lip: mentalis, depressor
labii inferioris, depressor anguli oris, inferior aspect
of orbicularis oris

A

mandibular branch

77
Q

What branch supplies the platysma muscle

A

cervical branch

78
Q

The facial nerve also gives off two other branches
as it emerges from stylomastoid foramen: what are they?

A

Posterior auricular branch

Nerve to the posterior belly of digastric muscle

79
Q

Which branch travels posterior to
the ear to supply occipitalis muscle and
muscles around auricle

A

posterior auricular branch

80
Q

Which branch supplies the posterior belly of digastric
& stylohyoid muscles (pharyngeal arch 2
muscles)

A

nerve to the posterior belly of digastric muscle

81
Q

What nerve supplies bridge of nose, brow ridge,
forehead and much of the scalp

A

CN V1

82
Q

What nerve passes through supra-orbital
notch/foramen to supply upper eyelid and much of forehead
and anterior scalp

A

supra-orbital nerve

83
Q

What nerve passes superior to trochlea of superior
oblique muscle to supply the middle of the forehead

A

supratrochlear nerve

84
Q

What nerve passes inferior to trochlea of superior
oblique muscle to supply the root (bridge) of nose

A

infratrochlear nerve

85
Q

What nerve supplies ala of nose,
upper lip and cheek, lower eyelid, portion of
temporal region

A

CN V2

86
Q

What nerve passes through infra-
orbital foramen to supply the lower eyelid and
upper lip, cheek region

A

infra-orbital nerve

87
Q

What nerve passes through
zygomaticofacial foramen to supply the lateral
cheek

A

zygomaticofacial nerve

88
Q

What nerve passes through
zygomaticotemporal foramen to supply part of
temporal region

A

zygomaticotemporal nerve

89
Q

What nerve supplies lower lip and jaw and a
portion of the temporal region

A

CN V3

90
Q

What nerve is the terminal branch of the inferior alveolar
nerve which passes through the mental foramen to supply
the chin and lower lip

A

mental nerve

91
Q

What nerve passes through infratemporal fossa to
supply the skin of the lower cheek, mucosa of much of the
mandibular oral vestibule, and mandibular molar buccal
gingiva

A

long buccal nerve

92
Q

What nerve passes laterally through
infratemporal fossa posterior to the temporomandibular
joint (TMJ) to supply the skin anterior to the auricle of the
ear and to much of the temple region

A

CN V3 (auriculotemporal nerve)

93
Q

What artery branches from the external carotid artery at
the level of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle,
passes deep to the submandibular gland, and curls over
the inferior margin of mandible anteromedial to masseter
muscle to supply most of the face

A

facial artery

94
Q

what artery branches from facial artery
inferior to the modiolus to supply the lower lip

A

inferior labial artery

95
Q

What artery branches from facial artery
superior to the modiolus to supply the upper lip

A

superior labial artery

96
Q

What artery is the terminal portion of facial artery
(name change at the angle of the nose) continues
superior course along ala and then up to the bridge
of nose

A

angular artery

97
Q

what artery is the terminal branch of
the external carotid artery continues superiorly
anterior to the auricle to give off numerous
branches to lateral and superior scalp

A

superficial temporal artery

98
Q

what artery is branch of the
superficial temporal artery which courses
inferior to zygomatic arch to supply cheek
region and lateral face

A

transverse facial artery

99
Q

what artery travels with the supra-orbital nerve
through supra-orbital foramen/notch to emerge onto the
forehead

A

supra-orbital artery

100
Q

what artery travels with the supratrochlear
nerve superior to the trochlea to emerge onto the middle
of the forehead

A

supratrochlear artery

101
Q

what artery travels with the infratrochlear nerve
inferior to the trochea to emerge onto the root or bridge
of the nose

A

dorsal nasal artery

102
Q

what vein Collects most of the venous blood from the face

A

facial vein

103
Q

what vein formed by union of superficial
temporal vein and maxillary vein

A

retromandibular vein

104
Q

Anterior division of RMV unites with the common facial or
facial vein to drain into the

A

internal jugular vein

105
Q

Posterior division RMV unites with the posterior auricular
vein to form the

A

external jugular vein

106
Q

Sensory innervation to parotid sheath supplied
by ___________ (branch of the cervical plexus)

A

great auricular nerve

107
Q

Postganglionic sympathetic cell bodies of the parotid gland located in the

A

superior cervical ganglion

108
Q

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers of the parotid gland travel to the parotid gland on the

A

external carotid artery

109
Q

Regarding Parasympathetic innervation from glossopharyngeal
nerve (CN IX) for the parotid gland, Preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies are in the

A

inferior salivary nucleus

110
Q

Lesser petrosal nerve synapses at the

A

otic ganglion

111
Q

Innervation of the dura mater Superior to & at cerebellar tentorium

A

CN V

112
Q

innervation of the dura mater Inferior to cerebellar tentorium

A

C2 - C3

113
Q

separates right & left cerebral hemispheres

A

cerebral falx

114
Q

Separates cerebrum from cerebellum

A

Cerebellar tentorium (tentorium cerebelli)

115
Q

Vertical reflection inferior to cerebellar tentorium which partially separates the cerebellar hemispheres

A

Cerebellar falx (cerebellar falx)

116
Q

Forms a superior boundary over the sella
turcica covering the pituitary gland

A

sellar diaphragm

117
Q
  • Collects blood from superior cerebral veins
A
  • Superior sagittal sinus
118
Q

Drains to confluence of sinuses

A
  • Superior sagittal sinus
  • Straight sinus
119
Q
  • Collects blood from inferior cerebral veins
A
  • Inferior sagittal sinus
120
Q
  • Drains to straight sinus
A
  • Inferior sagittal sinus
121
Q
  • Formed by the union of inferior sagittal sinus & great cerebral vein of Galen
A
  • Straight sinus
122
Q
  • Collects blood from superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, & occipital sinus
A
  • Confluence of sinuses
123
Q
  • Drains to transverse sinus
A
  • Confluence of sinuses
124
Q
  • Drain to right & left sigmoid sinuses
A
  • Transverse sinuses
125
Q
  • Drain to right & left internal jugular vein
A
  • Sigmoid sinuses
126
Q

Receives blood from superior & inferior
ophthalmic veins & pterygoid venous
plexus

A

Cavernous sinus

127
Q

Drain to superior & inferior petrosal
sinuses

A

cavernous sinus

128
Q

Within cavernous sinus: Lateral wall (superior to inferior)

A

CN III
* CN IV
* CN V1
* CN V2

129
Q

Within cavernous sinus: * In the middle:

A

Internal carotid artery (+postgang sym)

CN VI

130
Q

What artery Supplies medial & superior aspect of
the brain & frontal portion

A

anterior cerebral artery

131
Q

What artery Connects right & left anterior
cerebral arteries

A

anterior communicating arteries

132
Q

What artery supplies lateral surfaces of the brain

A

middle cerebral artery

133
Q

what artery Supplies inferior surface of brain &
occipital portion

A

posterior cerebral artery

134
Q

what artery Connects right & left posterior cerebral
arteries to ICA

A

posterior communicating artery

135
Q
A

809 - Exam 1 Block (19 decks)

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