Neck 2 - BC Flashcards by Anna Farrell

The subclavian arteries supply what 3 things

upper limbs, neck and brain

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The right subclavian
artery arises from the

brachiocephalic trunk

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The left subclavian
artery arises from the

arch of the aorta

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The subclavian arteries ascend from thorax, passing posterior to the

anterior scalene muscles

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The subclavian artery is
divided into 3 parts relative to the anterior scalene muscle, what are the 3 parts?

medial, posterior, and lateral to the anterior scalene muscle

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what 3 things are medial to the anterior scalene

vertebral artery
internal thoracic artery
thyrocervical trunk

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the vertebral artery enters the ___________ at levels _____

transverse foramina

C1 - C6

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what 4 arteries make up the thyrocervical trunk

Inferior thyroid
artery

Ascending cervical
artery

Transverse cervical
artery

Suprascapular
artery

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what is posterior to the anterior scalene muscle

costocervical trunk

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the costocervical trunk arises from the posterior aspect of the second part of the ________

subclavian artery

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the costocervical trunk divides into what 2 things

the supreme intercostal
and deep cervical arteries

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what is lateral to the anterior scalene muscle

dorsal scapular artery

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Each common carotid
artery ascends within the _______ to the level of the superior border of the ________

carotid sheath

thyroid cartilage

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At the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage, each common carotid artery terminates by dividing into the

internal and external carotid arteries

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The internal carotid artery has _______ branches in the neck

NONE

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the external carotid has _____ branches in the neck

several

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The proximal part of each internal carotid artery is the site of the _________

carotid sinus

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a dilation of artery that acts as a baroreceptor that reacts to changes in arterial blood pressure

carotid sinus

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The ________ is located between the internal and the external carotid arteries

carotid body

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a small mass of tissue that acts as a chemoreceptor that monitors the level of
oxygen in the blood

carotid body

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When the carotid body gets stimulated by low oxygen and initiates a reflex, what does the reflex do?

increases the rate and depth of:

respiration
cardiac rate
blood pressure

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The internal carotid arteries enter the cranium
through the ________ in the petrous parts of
the temporal bones and become the main
arteries of the ________ and __________

carotid canals

brain and structures in the orbits

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Branches of the external carotid arteries mnemonic?

Some
Little
Fat
Man

Stole
Papa’s
Only
Apple

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External Carotid Artery Branch - Some

Superior Thyroid Artery

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External Carotid Artery Branch - Little

Lingual Artery

External Carotid Artery Branch - Fat

Facial Artery

External Carotid Artery Branch - Man

Maxillary Artery

External Carotid Artery Branch - Stole

Superficial Temporal Artery

External Carotid Artery Branch - Papa's

Posterior Auricular Artery

External Carotid Artery Branch - Only

Occipital Artery

External Carotid Artery Branch - Apple

Ascending pharyngeal Artery

The superior thyroid artery gives rise to the

superior laryngeal artery

the ________ artery pierces the thyro-hyoid membrane to reach the _______

superior laryngeal artery larynx

the ________ artery passes deep to hypoglossal nerve, stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric to enter the floor of mouth

lingual artery

the ________ artery passes superiorly under the digastric and stylohyoid muscles and the angle of the mandible

facial

the _______ artery loops anteriorly and passes deep to the submandibular gland en route to the face

facial artery

the _______ artery ascends posteriorly between the external acoustic meatus and mastoid process

posterior auricular artery

the ________ artery passes posteriorly, crossing CN XII

occipital artery

the _______ artery ascends on the pharynx deep (medial) to the internal carotid artery

ascending pharyngeal

the _________ artery sends branches to the pharynx, prevertebral muscles, middle ear, and cranial meninges

ascending pharyngeal artery

the union of the posterior division of the retromandibular vein with the posterior auricular vein forms the ________ vein

external jugular vein

the _________ vein gives rise to the anterior jugular vein on the anterior neck

external jugular vein

the external jugular vein descends to terminate in the ________

subclavian vein

the ______ vein drains most of the scalp and side of the face

external jugular vein

The _________ vein lies deep to sternocleidomastoid and drains blood from the brain, anterior face, cervical viscera, and deep muscles of the neck

Internal jugular vein

the ______ vein begins at the jugular foramen as the continuation of the sigmoid sinus

internal jugular vein

the ______ vein descends with the vagus nerve and internal carotid artery in the carotid sheath

internal jugular vein

Posterior to the clavicle, the IJV merges with the subclavian vein to form the ___________ vein

brachiocephalic vein

The branches of the IJV are the what 4 veins

facial vein lingual vein superior thyroid vein middle thyroid vein

The ___________ drain the superior poles of the thyroid gland

superior thyroid veins

the ________ vein drain the middle of the lobes

middle thyroid veins

The _______ drains upper limb and curves through the inferior part of the lateral neck

subclavian vein

The _________ joins with the IJV at the venous angle to form the brachiocephalic vein, posterior to the clavicle

subclavian vein

At the root of the neck, the subclavian vein receives blood from the ________ vein and the _________ vein

EJV anterior jugular vein

Most superficial tissues in the neck are drained by lymphatic vessels that enter the _________

superficial cervical lymph nodes

the superficial cervical lymph nodes are located along the course of the

EJV

lymph from the superficial cervical lymph nodes drains into

deep cervical lymph nodes

the deep cervical lymph nodes form a chain along the

IJV

Efferent lymphatic vessels from the deep cervical nodes join to form the

jugular lymphatic trunks

the jugular lymphatic trunks join the thoracic duct on the LEFT side and enter the junction of the

Internal jugular and subclavian veins directly

the jugular lymphatic trunks join the thoracic duct on the RIGHT side via a

short right lymphatic duct

Which CN exits the skull base at the jugular foramen

CN IX

Which CN passes between the internal jugular vein and internal carotid artery

CN IX

Which CN descends anterior to internal carotid artery

CN IX

Which CN gives rise to a branch to supply carotid sinus and carotid body

CN IX

Which CN curves forward toward the pharynx to innervate stylopharyngeus

CN IX

Which CN enters the oropharynx to provide sensory innervation there and to the posterior tongue

CN IX

Which CN descends vertically through the neck within the carotid sheath, where it lies posteriorly between the internal/common carotid artery and internal jugular vein

CN X

Which CN supplies motor and sensory innervation to the larynx via several branches

CN X

what nerve pierces the thyrohyoid membrane

internal laryngeal nerve

what nerve accompanies the superior laryngeal artery

internal laryngeal nerve

what nerve accompanies superior thyroid artery

external laryngeal nerve

what nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscle of the larynx

external laryngeal nerve

Which nerves ascend to the posteromedial aspect of the thyroid gland where they ascend in the tracheo esophageal groove

recurrent laryngeal nerve

which CN exits from the jugular foramen to descend behind the posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid muscles to the upper SCM

CN XI

Which CN pierces and innervates SCM

CN XI

Which CN continues to course obliquely across the neck to end in the deep surface of trapezius

CN XI

Which CN exits from the hypoglossal canal

CN XII

Which CN descends between the internal carotid artery and the internal jugular vein before traveling anteriorly, deep to the posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid and mylohyoid

CN XII

Which CN enters the floor of the mouth to innervate intrinsic and most extrinsic tongue muscle

CN XII

The ventral rami of C1–C4 make up the

cervical plexus

The ___________ lies anteromedial to the middle scalene muscles and deep to the SCM

cervical plexus

The _______ branches of the plexus that initially pass posteriorly are cutaneous (sensory) branches to skin of neck

superficial

The _________ branches passing anteromedially are motor branches, including the phrenic nerve and the ansa cervicalis to infrahyoid muscles

deep

The _________ is the nerve loop of the neck formed by C1-3 ventral rami

Ansa cervicalis

The Ansa cervicalis innervates which 3 of the 4 infrahyoid muscles

sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid

the ________ root of the ansa cervicalis arises from C1 spinal nerve and is more anterior

superior

the ________ root of the ansa cervicalis arises from C2-3 spinal nerve and is more anterior

inferior

C11 ventral rami fibers hitch a ride on CN _______ for a short distance before descending to form the superior root of ansa cervicalis

CN XII

C1 ventral rami fibers hitch a ride on CN XII to supply what 5 things

thyrohyoid geniohyoid sternohyoid omohyoid sternothyroid

what supplies the sternohyoid

ansa cervicalis

what supplies the omohyoid

ansa cervicalis

what supplies the sternothyroid

ansa cervicalis

what supplies the thyrohyoid

what supplies the geniohyoid

The phrenic nerves originate chiefly from the ______ nerve but receive contributions from the ______ and _____ nerves

C4 C3 and C5

Each phrenic nerve forms at the superior part of the ______ muscle at the level of the superior thyroid cartilage

anterior scalene

Cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus emerge from the nerve point of the neck and supply sensation to

the skin of the neck and scalp

what are the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus

Lesser occipital nerve Great auricular nerve Transverse cervical nerve Supraclavicular nerves

What supplies the LON

what supplies the GAN

C2 and C3

what supplies the transverse cervical nerve

C2 and C3

what supplies the supraclavicular nerves

C3 and C4

Which cutaneous branch of the cervical plexus supplies the skin over the angle of the mandible, the parotid sheath, and the lower portion of the auricle of the ear

Great Auricular Nerve (C2 and C3)

Which cutaneous branch of the cervical plexus travels with/near the external jugular vein while superficial to the SCM

Great Auricular Nerve

Which cutaneous branch of the cervical plexus supplies the skin of the anterior neck superficial to the SCM

Transverse Cervical Nerve (C2 and C3)

Which cutaneous branch of the cervical plexus supplies the skin over the clavicle and shoulder (and typically branches into 3 nerves)

Supraclavicular nerves (C3 and C4)

Which cutaneous branch of the cervical plexus supplies the skin of scalp postero-superior to the auricle

Lesser Occipital Nerve (C2)

Ventral rami of C5–C8 and T1 spinal nerves are the

Roots of brachial plexus

what appear between the anterior and the middle scalene muscles

Roots of brachial plexus

what unites to form the 3 trunks of the brachial plexus

roots of the brachial plexusw

what provides innervation for most of the upper limbs

Roots of brachial plexus

The ________ ganglion is at the level of the C1 and C2 vertebrae

superior cervical ganglion

The __________ ganglion lies on the inferior thyroid artery at the level of the cricoid cartilage

middle cervical

The ________ ganglion often fuses with the first thoracic ganglion to form the large cervicothoracic ganglion

inferior cervical

Anesthetic injected around the large cervicothoracic ganglion blocks transmission of stimuli through the ________ and _________ ganglia

cervical and superior thoracic ganglia