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809 - Exam 1 Block > Neck 1 - BC > Flashcards

Neck 1 - BC Flashcards

1
Q

The transverse processes of all cervical vertebrae
include _________ for
the vertebral vessels

A

transverse foramina

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2
Q

The hyoid bone lies in the anterior part of the neck at
the level of the

A

C3 vertebra

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3
Q

The hyoid does not articulate with any other bone but is suspended by muscles that connect it to the:

A

Mandible
Styloid processes
Thyroid cartilage of larynx
Manubrium of the sternum
Scapulae

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4
Q

The inferior aspect of the neck communicates with the thorax that allows communication with the neck and upper limbs, what is it called?

A

superior thoracic aperture

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5
Q

The superior thoracic aperture is bounded posteriorly by

A

T1

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6
Q

The superior thoracic aperture is bounded laterally by the

A

1st pair of ribs

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7
Q

The superior thoracic aperture is bounded anteriorly by the superior border of the

A

manubrium

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8
Q

The cervical viscera are organized in three layers, named for their primary
function: what are the 3 layers

A

Endocrine
Respiratory
Alimentary

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9
Q

the endocrine layer is the _______ and _________

A

thyroid

parathyroid glands

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10
Q

the respiratory layer is the _______ and _________

A

larynx

trachea

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11
Q

the alimentary layer is the _______ and _________

A

pharynx

esophagus

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12
Q

The thyroid gland is located
anteriorly in the neck at the level of the

A

C5–T1 vertebrae

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13
Q

The parathyroid glands usually lie on the _____ half of the ______ surface of each lobe of the thyroid gland

A

medial

posterior

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14
Q

The viscera of the respiratory layer contribute to the ______
functions of the body

A

respiratory

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15
Q

The main functions of the cervical respiratory viscera are

A

routing air into the respiratory tract

routing food into the esophagus

providing an airway and means of sealing it off

producing a voice

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16
Q

The _____ is the complex organ of voice production

A

larynx

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17
Q

The larynx is located in the anterior neck at the level
of the bodies of

A

C3 - C6

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18
Q

The larynx connects the inferior part of the _____ with the ______

A

pharynx

trachea

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19
Q

if intubation isn’t possible, you can insert a needle through the ______ membrane

A

cricothyroid

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20
Q

The _____ extends from the inferior end of the larynx at the level of the C6 vertebra

A

trachea

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21
Q

the trachea ends at the level of

A

T4 - T5 (sternal angle)

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22
Q

the trachea divides into what at the sternal angle

A

right and left main bronchi

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23
Q

_______ to the trachea are the common carotid arteries and the lobes of the thyroid gland

A

Lateral

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24
Q

The brachiocephalic trunk is related to the _____ side of the trachea in the root of
the neck

A

right

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25
Q

Patients with upper airway
obstruction or respiratory failure can have a _______ done

A

tracheotomy

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26
Q

Where are the 2 possible openings in the trachea made for a tracheotomy

A

between 1st and 2nd rings

between 2nd - 4th rings

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27
Q

In the alimentary layer, cervical viscera take
part in the ______ functions of the body

A

digestive

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28
Q

The pharynx conducts air to the _____, ______ , and _____

A

larynx

trachea

lungs

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29
Q

The pharynx directs food to the

A

esophagus

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30
Q

The pharynx is ______ to the
nasal and oral cavities and extends _____ past the larynx

A

posterior

inferiorly

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31
Q

The pharynx is widest opposite the ______ and
narrowest where it is continuous with the

A

hyoid

esophagus

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32
Q

The ______ lies between the
trachea and the cervical vertebral column

A

cervical esophagus

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33
Q

Externally, the pharyngo-esophageal junction
appears as a constriction produced by the _______ muscle and is the
_______ part of the esophagus

A

cricopharyngeus

narrowest

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34
Q

The cervical esophagus bends to the _____ as it
descends and enters the superior mediastinum
via the _________ , where it
becomes the _______

A

left

superior thoracic aperture

thoracic esophagus

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35
Q

The SCM divide each side of the neck into the

A

anterior and posterior triangles

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36
Q

The sternal head of the SCM attaches it to the

A

manubrium of sternum

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37
Q

The clavicular head of the SCM attaches it to the

A

medial third of the clavicle

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38
Q

The heads of the SCM join superiorly as they attach
to the _________ of the temporal bone

A

mastoid process

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39
Q

SCM tilts head to the same side, rotating the face so the chin is turned toward the opposite side, what kind of contraction?

A

unilateral

40
Q

SCM flexes cervical
vertebrae so chin approaches the manubrium, what kind of contraction?

A

bilateral

41
Q

The trapezius is a large, flat
triangular muscle that covers the _______ aspect of
the neck and thorax

A

posterolateral

42
Q

The trapezius attaches the
pectoral girdle to the
_____ and the ______

A

cranium

vertebral column

43
Q

functions of the trapezius

A

elevates, retracts, depresses scalpula

44
Q

Function of hyoid
muscles

A

steady or move the hyoid and larynx

45
Q

The suprahyoid muscles are ______ to the hyoid and connect it to the _______

A

superior

cranium

46
Q

As a group, the supra hyoid muscles constitute the

A

floor of the mouth

47
Q

function of the supra hyoid muscles

A

Supporting the hyoid in providing a base from
which the tongue functions

48
Q

the supra hyoid muscles elevate the hyoid and larynx in relation to

A

swallowing and tone production

49
Q

what are the supra hyoid muscles

A

Digastric Muscles (A & P bellies)

Stylohyoid

Mylohyoid

Hyoglossus

Geniohyoid

50
Q

Innervation of anterior belly of digastric belly

A

V3

51
Q

Innervation of posterior belly of digastric muscle

A

VII

52
Q

Innervation of stylohyoid

A

VII

53
Q

Innervation of mylohyoid

A

nerve to mylohyoid from V3

54
Q

Innervation of hyoglossus

A

XII

55
Q

Innervation of geniohyoid

A

C1

56
Q

what tendon unites the 2 bellies of the digastric muscle; connects to the hyoid bone via a fascial sling

A

intermediate tendon

57
Q

attachment of anterior belly

A

digastric fossa (on mandible)

58
Q

attachment of posterior belly

A

mastoid notch (of temporal bone)

59
Q

attachment of stylohyoid

A

styloid process of temporal bone to hyoid bone

60
Q

attachment of mylohyoid

A

mylohyoid line to body of hyoid and mylohyoid raphe

61
Q

attachment of geniohyoid

A

inferior mental spine (aka genial tubercle) to hyoid

62
Q

the infrahyoid muscles are innervated by what 2 things

A

ansa cervicalis

C1

63
Q

what are the 4 infra hyoid muscles

A

sternohyoid
omohyoid (superior and inferior belly)
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid

64
Q

the infra hyoid muscles anchor the ____ , ____, _____, and _____

A

hyoid, sternum, clavicle, scapula

65
Q

the infrahyoid muscles depress the hyoid and larynx during

A

swallowing and speaking

66
Q

the infrahyoid muscles work with the supra hyoid muscles to

A

steady the hyoid to provide a firm base for the tongue

67
Q

what are 2 superficial infrahyoid muscles

A

sternohyoid and omohyoid

68
Q

what are the 2 deep infrahyoid muscles

A

sternothyroid

thyrohyoid

69
Q

what tendon unites the two bellies of the omohyoid muscle; connects to the clavicle via a fascial sling

A

intermediate

70
Q

the superior belly courses from the _____ to the _____

A

intermediate tendon

hyoid bone

71
Q

the inferior belly courses from the _____ to the
________

A

scapula

intermediate tendon

72
Q

the pre vertebral muscles are _____ to the cervical viscera

A

posterior

73
Q

the prevertebral muscles function to

A

flex neck and act as accessory muscles of respiration

74
Q

anterior scalene: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae to _______

A

1st rib

75
Q

middle scalene: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae to _______

A

1st rib

76
Q

posterior scalene: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae to _______

A

2nd rib

77
Q

the superficial cervical fascia is in between the ______ and the ______

A

dermis

investing layer of deep cervical fascia

78
Q

the layers of deep cervical fascia support what 4 things

A

cervical viscera
muscles
vessels
deep lymph nodes

79
Q

The deep cervical fascia condenses around the common carotid arteries,
internal jugular veins, and vagus nerves to form the ______

A

carotid sheath

80
Q

Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia extends
inferiorly from the hyoid into the thorax, where it
blends with the _________ covering the heart

A

fibrous pericardium

81
Q

the thin muscular part of the pretracheal layer of deep fascia encloses the

A

infrahyoid muscles

82
Q

the visceral part of the pretracheal layer of deep fascia encloses what 3 things

A

thyroid gland

trachea

esophagus

83
Q

the pretracheal layer of deep fascia is continuous posteriorly and superiorly with the __________ fascia of the ________

A

buccopharyngeal fascia of the pharynx

84
Q

the pretracheal layer of deep fascia blends LATERALLY with the

A

carotid sheaths

85
Q

The carotid sheath and
pretracheal fascia
communicate freely with the mediastinum of the thorax inferiorly and the cranial cavity superiorly, these communications represent potential pathways for the

A

spread of infection and extravasated blood

86
Q

Superior to the hyoid, a thickening of the pretracheal fascia forms a pulley or trochlea through which the intermediate tendon of the digastric
muscle passes which

A

suspends the hyoid

87
Q

the pretracheal layer tethers the 2 bellied _____ to the _______

A

omohyoid muscle

clavicle

88
Q

The prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia forms a tubular sheath for the

A

vertebral column

89
Q

The prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia extends laterally as the ______ which surrounds what 2 things

A

axillary sheath

axillary vessels and brachial plexus

90
Q

The _________ is the largest and most important space in the neck

A

retropharyngeal space

91
Q

What permits movement of the pharynx, esophagus, larynx, and trachea relative
to the vertebral column during swallowing

A

the retropharyngeal space

92
Q

the retropharyngeal space is closed _______ by the cranial base and on each side by the ________

A

superiorly

carotid sheath

93
Q

the retropharyngeal space opens ________ into the superior mediastinum

A

inferiorly

94
Q

The ______ forms a further
subdivision of the retropharyngeal space

A

alar fascia

95
Q

The alar fascia is attached along the midline of the buccopharyngeal fascia
from the _______ to the level of the ______

A

cranium

C7

96
Q

from its attachment, the alar fascia extends laterally and terminates in the

A

carotid sheath

809 - Exam 1 Block (19 decks)

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