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809 - Exam 1 Block > Blood Supply to the Brain - Ventricular System - E Davis > Flashcards

Blood Supply to the Brain - Ventricular System - E Davis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two arterial systems to supply the brain

A

Vertebrobasilar system and Internal carotid system

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2
Q

Anastomosis of the vertebrobasilar and internal carotid systems is the

A

Circle of Willis

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3
Q

The internal carotid artery branches from the

A

common carotid artery

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4
Q

the internal carotid artery enters the cranial cavity through the

A

carotid canal

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5
Q

what artery supplies the structures in the orbit and brain

A

internal carotid artery

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6
Q

what artery supplies the orbit

A

ophthalmic artery

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7
Q

On the ventral surface of brain, the internal carotid artery gives rise to what 2 arteries

A

anterior cerebral artery
middle cerebral artery

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8
Q

Which artery supplies most of the medial, superior surfaces of brain (frontal and parietal lobes

A

Anterior Cerebral Artery

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9
Q

Which artery corresponds to leg/foot areas of motor and sensory cortex

A

anterior cerebral artery

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10
Q

Which artery supplies most of the lateral surfaces of the brain (parietal and temporal lobes)

A

Middle cerebral artery

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11
Q

Which artery corresponds to the trunk, arm, and face areas of motor and sensory cortex

A

Middle cerebral artery

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12
Q

Which artery also corresponds to areas related to auditory processing, memory, language recognition, and emotional processing

A

Middle cerebral artery

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13
Q

What artery branches from 1st portion of the subclavian artery

A

vertebral artery

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14
Q

what artery passes through the foramen magnum

A

vertebral artery

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15
Q

At the caudal border of
pons, right and left
________ arteries unite and
form basilar artery

A

vertebral

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16
Q

The basilar artery gives rise to what 3 arteries

A

Pontine arteries
Cerebellar arteries
Posterior cerebral artery

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17
Q

Which artery supplies the inferior surface of brain (mostly occipital and some temporal lobe)

A

posterior cerebral artery

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18
Q

Which artery corresponds to areas of visual processing

A

posterior cerebral artery

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19
Q

What are the 3 arteries that are major suppliers of blood to the brain

A

Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery
Posterior cerebral artery

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20
Q

What provides collateral circulation between vertebrobasilar and internal carotid circulation

A

Circle of Willis

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21
Q

What 5 arteries form the Circle of Willis

A

Posterior cerebral AA
Posterior communicating AA
Internal carotid AA
Anterior cerebral AA
Anterior communicating A

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22
Q

Most commonly, strokes occur due to issues with which artery

A

middle cerebral artery

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23
Q

Thin-walled, valveless veins draining brain tissue

A

cerebral veins

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24
Q

The _________ veins empty into nearest dural venous sinuses

A

cerebral veins

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25
Q

The dural venous sinuses eventually drain into

A

internal jugular veins

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26
Q

What sinus collects blood from superior cerebral veins and drains to confluence of sinuses

A

superior sagittal sinus

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27
Q

Which sinus is smaller than the superior sagittal sinus and drains to straight sinus

A

inferior sagittal sinus

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28
Q

Which sinus is formed by inferior sagittal sinus and
great cerebral vein (of Galen) and empties into confluence of sinuses

A

straight sinus

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29
Q

Which sinus collects from the superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, and occipital sinus and sends to transverse sinus

A

confluence of sinus

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30
Q

Which sinus ends superiorly in the confluence of sinuses and receives blood from the inferior epidural venous plexus

A

occipital sinus

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31
Q

Which sinus passes laterally from the confluence of sinus, is paired, and drains to the sigmoid sinus

A

Transverse sinuses

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32
Q

Which sinus is S-shaped, paired, and drains into internal jugular vein

A

sigmoid sinuses

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33
Q

Which sinus is a venous plexus of thin-walled veins, receives blood from the superior & inferior ophthalmic veins and pterygoid plexus, and drains into the superior and inferior petrosal sinuses

A

Cavernous sinuses

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34
Q

Which sinuses are paired and connected via the intercavernous sinuses

A

cavernous sinuses

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35
Q

What are the contents of the cavernous sinus?

Hint: 1 artery and 5 CNs

A

Internal carotid artery
CN VI
CN III
CN IV
CN V1
CN V2
(and sympathetics)

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36
Q

Which sinuses are paired and run from the posterior cavernous sinuses

A

Superior petrosal sinuses

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37
Q

Which sinuses join at the start of the sigmoid sinuses (the transverse sinuses have curved inferiorly to
form the sigmoid sinuses)

A

Superior petrosal sinuses

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38
Q

Which sinuses are paired and run from the inferior portion of posterior cavernous sinuses

A

Inferior petrosal sinuses

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39
Q

Which sinus drains directly into the origin of the internal jugular veins

A

inferior petrosal sinuses

40
Q

Which veins connect veins of the scalp and diploic veins (veins within skull) to the dural venous sinuses

A

Emissary Veins

41
Q

The emissary veins pass through the

A

transverse emissary foramina

42
Q

which veins are valveless and may have bidirectional flow

A

emissary veins

43
Q

The membranous coverings of the brain

A

meninges

44
Q

The meninges are located deep to ______ and ______

A

scalp
cranium

45
Q

What protects the brain and spinal cord

A

meninges

46
Q

What forms a support framework for
vasculature and venous sinuses

A

Meninges

47
Q

The meninges are composed of three membranous connective tissue layers, what are they?

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

48
Q

Which layer of the meninges is tough, thick external fibrous layer and highly vascularized, innervated

A

Dura mater

49
Q

Which layer of the meninges is thin, the intermediate layer, and has a subarachnoid space that contains CSF

A

arachnoid mater

50
Q

Which layer of meninges is delicate and adheres to the surface of the brain

A

pia mater

51
Q

Combined layers of arachnoid and Pia mater

A

leptomeninges

52
Q

The dura mater is adhered to the internal surface of the cranium and is bilaminar, what are the 2 layers?

A

periosteal layer
meningeal layer

53
Q

the layers in the dura mater are fused except when they split and form what 2 things

A

dural venous sinuses

dural reflections

54
Q

Formed when the meningeal layer of dura mater reflects away from the periosteal layer

A

Dural reflections (infoldings)

55
Q

Dural infoldings include what 4 things

A

Cerebral falx
Cerebellar tentorium
Cerebellar falx
Sellar diaphragm

56
Q

Largest dural reflection

A

Cerebral falx (falx cerebri)

57
Q

Which dural reflection separates the right and left cerebral hemisphers

A

Cerebral falx (falx cerebri)

58
Q

Which dural reflection joins with the cerebellar tentorium

A

Cerebral falx (falx cerebri)

59
Q

What are the 2 anterior attachment for the cerebral falx (falx cerebri)

A

frontal crest

crista galli

60
Q

What is the posterior attachment for the cerebral falx (falx cerebri)

A

internal occipital protuberance

61
Q

Which 2 sinuses run in the cerebral falx (falx cerebri)

A

superior sagittal sinus

inferior sagittal sinus

62
Q

2nd largest dural reflection that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum

A

Cerebellar tentorium (tentorium cerebelli)

63
Q

Which dura reflection attaches to the clinoid processes, temporal bone, occipital bone, and parietal bone

A

Cerebellar tentorium (tentorium cerebelli)

64
Q

Which dura reflection attaches to the cerebral falx at midline

A

Cerebellar tentorium (tentorium cerebelli)

65
Q

What 4 sinuses run through the Cerebellar tentorium (tentorium cerebelli)

A

straight sinus
confluence of sinuses
transverse sinus
superior petrosal sinus

66
Q

Which reflection is a vertical dural reflection that lies inferior to the cerebellar tentorium

A

Cerebellar falx (falx cerebelli)

67
Q

Which reflection partially separates the cerebellar hemispheres

A

Cerebellar falx (falx cerebelli)

68
Q

Which reflection attaches to the internal occipital crest

A

Cerebellar falx (falx cerebelli)

69
Q

What sinus runs through the Cerebellar falx (falx cerebelli)

A

Occipital sinus

70
Q

Which reflection is the smallest, forms a roof over hypophyseal fossa, and covers the pituitary gland

A

Sellar diaphragm

71
Q

Which artery is a branch of the maxillary artery and enters the cranial cavity through the foramen spinosum

A

middle meningeal artery

72
Q

Innervation of the dura is largely divided at the level of the

A

tentorium cerebelli

73
Q

Superior portions of dura and tentorium cerebelli is innervated by CN

A

V

74
Q

Inferior portions of dura are are innervated by what cervical spinal nerves

A

C2 - C3

75
Q

Innervation of the dura
superior to the tentorium
cerebelli is largely by the three divisions of CN

A

V

76
Q

The anterior cranial fossa is innervated by what 3 CN

A

CN V1, V2, V3

77
Q

The middle cranial fossa are innervated by what 2 CN

A

CN V2, V3

78
Q

The posterior cranial fossa roof (tentorium cerebelli) is innervated by what CN

A

CN V1

79
Q

The posterior cranial fossa floor is innervated by what 2 cervical spinal nerves

A

C2 - C3

80
Q

Extensions of arachnoid that extend into the meningeal layer of dura mater that transfer CSF into venous sinuses

A

Arachnoid villi/granulations

81
Q

Supporting bundles of fibers that help to suspend brain and pass between the arachnoid and pia mater

A

Arachnoid trabeculae

82
Q

Adheres to the surface of the brain, following the sulci and gyri

A

pia mater

83
Q

Potential space between cranium and dura (external periosteal layer)

A

epidural space

84
Q

Potential space between dura and arachnoid

A

subdural space

85
Q

True space between arachnoid and pia mater that contains CSF, trabecular cells, arteries, and veins

A

Subarachnoid space

86
Q

Meninges enclose the

A

CSF

87
Q

CSF is secreted by cells of the ________ in the ventricles of the brain

A

choroid plexus

88
Q

What is absorbed into the venous system by the arachnoid villi/granulations

A

CSF

89
Q

What is the interconnected network that produces, transports, and removes CSF

A

ventricular system

90
Q

The ventricles of the ventricular system include

A

2 lateral ventricles (1st and 2nd)
Midline 3rd ventricle
Midline 4th ventricle

91
Q

Which ventricles are paired, C-shaped cavities that extend into all lobes of the cerebral hemispheres, and opens into the 3rd ventricle via the interventricular foramen
(Foramen of Monro)

A

Lateral ventricles (1st and 2nd ventricles)

92
Q

Which ventricle is a slit-like cavity between the right and left halves of the thalamus and is continuous with the 4th ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct

A

Third ventricle

93
Q

Which ventricle is a small space dorsal to the pons and medulla and tapers to a narrow channel that continues to spinal cord (central canal)

A

4th ventricle

94
Q

CSF drains from the 4th ventricle into the subarachnoid space through what three openings:

A

2 lateral apertures (foramen of Luschka)

1 media aperture (foramen of Magendie)

95
Q

The lateral apertures (foramen of Luschka) and
median aperture (foramen of Magendie) drain into the

A

Subarachnoid space

96
Q

What is the largest cistern collecting CSF that is located between the the cerebellum and medulla

A

the Cerebellomedullary cistern

97
Q

From the subarachnoid space, CSF is absorbed into
the dural venous sinuses via the

A

arachnoid villi/granulations

809 - Exam 1 Block (19 decks)

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