Palate - E Davis Flashcards
The stomodeum is separated from the endodermal gut tube by the _________ membrane
buccopharyngeal
Buccopharyngeal membrane ruptures by week
4
when the buccopharyngeal membrane ruptures there is now open communication between the ________ and ________
amniotic cavity and gut tube
what forms the forehead, nose, and upper boundary of mouth
frontonasal prominence
A paired ________ prominence from pharyngeal arch 1 form the lateral boundaries of mouth and portions of upper lip
maxillary
A paired _________ prominence from pharyngeal arch 1 forms the inferior boundary of
the mouth
mandibular
Maxillary prominences increase in size and grow ______
medially
Maxillary prominences increasing in size and growing medially compresses the ___________ prominences toward the _________
medial nasal ; midline
The ________ is formed from the two maxillary and the two medial nasal prominences
upper lip
Initially the nasal cavity and
oral cavity are _______
continuous
When developed the palate
separates the ______ cavity
from the oral cavity
nasal
Primary palate begins to
develop early in week
6
for primary palate development: first, medial nasal prominences merge to form the
intermaxillary segment
Intermaxillary segment gives rise to what 3 things
labial component
upper jaw component
palatal component
The labial component forms the _______ of upper lip
philtrum
The upper jaw component carries the
4 incisors
The palatal component forms the ______________ plate
triangular primary palate
The portion of the palate that is anterior and midline aka the small portion that is anterior to incisive foramen
primary palate
Also, early in week 6 the
_______ palate begins to
develop
secondary
For the secondary palate, maxillary prominences expand medially and give
rise to two projections
called
palatal shelves
What develops into the majority of the hard and all of soft palate
Secondary palate
The palatal shelves initially
project infero-medially
on each side of the _____
tongue
During weeks 7 and 8,
the palatal shelves
ascend and assume a
_______ position, making the tongue ______ to the palate now
horizontal ; inferior
when portions of the lip fail to fuse
cleft lip
when portions of the palate fail to fuse
cleft palate
when these clefts occur
together, rather than in isolation
cleft lip and palate
Medial nasal prominences fail to fuse in midline to form the philtrum portion of the intermaxillary segment - what kind of cleft lip?
median cleft lip
Maxillary prominence fails to fuse with medial nasal prominence - what kind of cleft lip?
Unilateral or bilateral cleft lip
Maxillary prominence fails to fuse with medial and lateral nasal prominence AND the cleft extends onto face - what is this called?
Unilateral or bilateral oblique facial cleft
Cleft palate 1
soft palate only
Cleft palate 2
hard and soft palate, but secondary palate only
Cleft palate 3
entirety of hard and soft palate, primary and secondary palates
what is the dividing landmark for cleft defects
incisive foramen
cleft in palate and/or lip
structures anterior to the incisive foramen
(unilateral or bilateral) - what kind of defect?
anterior cleft defect
clefts in palate
posterior to incisive foramen (clefts of the secondary palate) - what kind of defect?
posterior cleft defect
combination of
anterior and posterior cleft defects - what kind of defect?
complete cleft defect
anterior boundary of the developed nose
nostrils (nares)
posterior boundary of the developed nose
choanae (opening/doorway between the nasal cavity and nasopharynx)
the developed nose is divided at the midline by the
nasal prominence
By the end of week 4, _________ develop on each side of the frontonasal prominence
nasal placodes
Margins of the placodes proliferate, producing a horse-shoe shaped elevation surrounding the nasal placode –> nasal placodes now in a depression called the
nasal pits
Frontal prominence gives rise to the _____ of the nose
root
Merged medial nasal prominences form the _______ and ______ of the nose
crest and apex (tip)
Lateral nasal prominences form the ______ of the nose
alae (sides)
During the sixth week, the nasal pits ________ considerably
deepen
Each nasal sac grows
dorsally
At first, the oronasal membrane separates the nasal sacs from the
oral cavity
By the end of week 6, oronasal membrane
ruptures
Nasal and oral cavities are in communication by way of
primitive choanae
Later the choanae are pushed _______ with further
development of secondary palate and will then be located at junction of
_______ and ________
posteriorly ; nasal cavity ; pharynx
the nasal septum grows ______
inferiorly
By week 12 the nasal septum _______ with the newly formed palate
fuses
failure of the oronasal
membrane to rupture
Choanal atresia
Paranasal sinuses develop from _______ of the lateral walls of the nasal cavities
diverticula (outgrowths)
The parental sinuses extend into bones of same name to become pneumatic (air-filled)
extensions of the nasal cavities - what are the names of these 4 sinuses?
frontal
maxilla
ethmoid
sphenoid
Paranasal sinuses develop _________ on differing ________
independently
timelines
Maxillary sinuses begin to develop during _______ fetal life
late
the maxillary sinuses grow _______ until puberty
slowly
the maxillary sinuses are not fully developed until all ___________ have erupted in early adulthood
permanent teeth
Which 2 sinuses develop after birth
Frontal and sphenoid
which sinuses begin to grow more rapidly at 6-8 years
ethmoid
What adds resonance to voice during adolescence
growth of sinuses
