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809 - Exam 1 Block > Anatomy of the Face & Parotid Region - Herring > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Face & Parotid Region - Herring Flashcards

1
Q

5 layers of the scalp

A

Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose CT
Periosteum (pericranium)

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2
Q

contains numerous hair follicles and sweat glands

abundant arterial supply and venous drainage

A

Skin

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3
Q

dense, thick subcutaneous layer

highly vascular and well innervated by cutaneous
nerves

A

Connective Tissue

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4
Q

sheet of connective tissue between the frontal
and occipital muscle bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle

fused posteriorly with the periosteum, anchored
laterally with temporal fascia, and not attached to
bone anteriorly

A

Aponeurosis (epicranial aponeurosis / galea aponeurosis)

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5
Q

layer of areolar tissue which allows the epicranial aponeurosis to move

potential space in which the spread of blood or infection may occur primarily anteriorly over forehead

A

Loose connective tissue

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6
Q

outer fibrous layer of skull which serves as an attachment for muscles of facial expression

A

Periosteum (pericranium)

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7
Q

Paired arteries and veins course within the ________
layer between the skin and the aponeurosis

A

connective tissue

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8
Q

The vasculature of the scalp is firmly anchored to the connective tissue and
have limited ability to _______

A

constrict

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9
Q

The vasculature of the scalp is supplied primarily from branches of the external carotid artery and internal jugular vein: what are the 3 arteries/veins?

A

Occipital A & V
Posterior auricular A & V
Superficial temporal A & V

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10
Q

The anterior scalp is supplied by branches of
the internal carotid artery & veins to cavernous sinus: which artery/vein?

A

Supra-orbital A & V

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11
Q

What veins connect the scalp veins with the dural venous sinuses creating a potential pathway of scalp infection spread into meninges

A

Emissary veins

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12
Q

The anterior scalp is supplied by which CN

A

CN V1

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13
Q

What 2 nerves that branch from the facial nerve innervate the anterior scalp

A

supra-orbital nerve
supratrochlear nerve

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14
Q

The lateral scalp is supplied/innervated by what 2 CNs

A

CN V2 and CN V3

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15
Q

The posterior scalp is mainly supplied by __________ nerve (dorsal ramus
of C2)

A

greater occipital N

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16
Q

The posterior scalp is supplied/innervated more inferiorly by _________ of upper cervical spinal nerve

A

dorsal rami

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17
Q

The posterior scalp is innervated/supplied in the posterolateral portion by the ___________ (from the cervical plexus)

A

lesser occipital nerve

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18
Q

what lobes are involved in facial recognition

A

temporal lobe and occipital lobe

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19
Q

The __________ of the temporal lobe is only active when the person looks at faces

A

fusiform gyrus

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20
Q

What 3 things are involved in the processing of facial expressions

A

Temporal lobe (superior temporal gyrus)

frontal lobe

amygdala

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21
Q

All facial expression muscles are innervated by branches of

A

CN VII

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22
Q

Muscles of facial expression can be separated into groups according to where the muscles insert into what 4 places:

A

Scalp muscles
Periorbital
Nasal muscles
Perioral muscles

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23
Q

The occipitofrontalis has 2 bellies, what are they

A

occipital belly

frontal belly

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24
Q

What common tendon do the occipital and frontal bellies share

A

epicranial aponeurosis

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25
Q

Which belly arises from the occipital bone, inserts into epicranial aponeurosis, and retracts scalp

A

Occipital belly (occipitalis muscle)

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26
Q

Which belly arises from epicranial aponeurosis, inserts into skin and subcutaneous tissue of
eyebrows & forehead, and raises eyebrows & wrinkles forehead (horizontal wrinkles)

A

frontal belly (frontalis muscle)

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27
Q

what muscle closes the eyelids

A

orbicularis oculi

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28
Q

what muscle draws the eyebrow medially and inferiorly; creates vertical wrinkles

A

corrugator supercilii

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29
Q

What muscle depresses medial ends of eyebrows; creates horizontal wrinkle(s) between eyebrow

A

procerus muscle

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30
Q

What muscle flares nostrils

A

nasalis

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31
Q

What muscle closes mouth (sphincter), compresses the lips against the teeth, & protrudes the lips

A

Orbicularis oris

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32
Q

What muscle dilates mouth and elevates angle of the mouth (true smiling)

A

Zygomaticus major

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33
Q

What muscle dilates mouth and elevates the angle of the mouth

A

Levator anguli oris

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34
Q

What muscle pulls angles of mouth inferiorly

A

Depressor anguli oris

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35
Q

What muscle presses cheek against teeth (keeps food between occlusal surfaces of teeth)

A

Buccinator

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36
Q

What muscle is important in muscles in infants to maintain suckling during feeding

A

Buccinator

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37
Q

What muscle retracts (elevates) upper lip only and dilates mouth

A

Levator labii superioris

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38
Q

What muscle dilates mouth & raises upper lip only

A

zygomaticus major

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39
Q

What muscle depresses lower lip only

A

depressor labii inferioris

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40
Q

What muscle elevates and protrudes lower lip (pouting) and assists orbicularis oris in clearing food from mandibular labial vestibule

A

Mentalis

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41
Q

What muscle can become hypertrophied due to malocclusions

A

Mentalis

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42
Q

What muscle tenses skin over neck and lower face and assists with depression of the mandible against resistance

A

Platysma

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43
Q

What nerve block is when the needle pierces mucosa superior to the 2nd premolar and advances toward the infra-orbital foramen

A

Infra-orbital nerve block

44
Q

What nerve block is when the needle pierces the mucosa inferior to the 2nd premolar and advances toward the mental foramen

A

Mental nerve block

45
Q

What nerve block is when the needle pierces the mucosa lateral to the
pterygomandibular raphe

A

Inferior alveolar nerve block

46
Q

When CN is for the motor
innervation to the muscles of facial expression (somatic motor)

47
Q

Which CN is for the sensory
innervation to the face that is supplied by the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve (somatic sensory)

48
Q

Somatic motor fibers of CN VII emerge through ________________ to innervate muscles of facial expression

A

stylomastoid foramen

49
Q

CN VII passes through the parotid gland but ________ innervate it

50
Q

the facial nerve divides into 2 main trunks, what are they

A

Temporofacial trunk

Cervicofacial trunk

51
Q

Temporal and zygomatic branches arise from
the __________ trunk

A

temporofacial

52
Q

(marginal) mandibular and cervical branches arise from _________ trunk

A

cervicofacial

53
Q

Buccal branch can arise from _______ trunk

54
Q

What branch supplies the supraorbital muscles: frontalis, corrugator supercilii, procerus, superior aspect of orbicularis oculi

A

temporal branch

55
Q

What branch supplies inferior aspect of orbicularis oculi, zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor, levator
labii superioris, and nasalis muscles

A

Zygomatic branch

56
Q

What branch innervates buccinator, levator anguli oris, and superior aspect of orbicularis oris

A

Buccal branch

57
Q

What branch supplies muscles of lower lip: mentalis, depressor labii inferioris, depressor anguli oris, inferior aspect of orbicularis oris

A

(Marginal) Mandibular Branch

58
Q

What branch supplies the platysma muscle

A

Cervical branch

59
Q

The facial nerve also gives off two other branches as it emerges from stylomastoid foramen, what are they

A

posterior auricular branch

nerve to the posterior belly of digastric muscle

60
Q

what branch travels posterior to the ear to supply occipitalis muscle and muscles around auricle

A

Posterior auricular branch

61
Q

What nerve supplies the posterior belly of digastric & stylohyoid muscles (pharyngeal arch 2 muscles)

A

Nerve to the posterior belly of digastric muscle

62
Q

All cutaneous sensory supply to face via branches
of trigeminal nerve (CN V) except for over the angle of _________ (great auricular nerve)

63
Q

What CN supplies bridge of nose, brow ridge, forehead and much of the anterior scalp

64
Q

What nerve passes through supra-orbital notch/foramen to supply upper eyelid and much of forehead and anterior scalp

A

Supra-orbital nerve

65
Q

What nerve passes superior to trochlea of superior oblique muscle to supply the middle of the forehead

A

Supratrochlear nerve

66
Q

What nerve passes inferior to trochlea of superior oblique muscle to supply the root (bridge) of nose

A

Infratrochlear nerve

67
Q

What CN supplies alar of nose, upper lip and cheek, portion of temporal region

68
Q

What nerve passes through infra-orbital foramen to supply the lower eyelid and upper lip, medial cheek region

A

Infra-orbital nerve

69
Q

What nerve passes through
zygomaticofacial foramen to supply the lateral cheek

A

Zygomaticofacial nerve

70
Q

What CN supplies lower lip and jaw and a portion of the temporal region

71
Q

What nerve passes through
zygomaticotemporal foramen to supply part of temporal region

A

Zygomaticotemporal nerve

72
Q

What nerve is a terminal branch of the inferior alveolar nerve which passes through the mental foramen to supply the chin and lower lip

A

Mental nerve

73
Q

What nerve passes through infratemporal fossa to supply the skin of the lower cheek, mucosa of much of the mandibular oral vestibule, and mandibular molar buccal gingiva

A

Long buccal nerve

74
Q

What nerve passes laterally through the infratemporal fossa posterior to the TMJ to supply the skin anterior to the auricle of the ear and to much of the temple region

A

Auriclotemporal nerve

75
Q

What nerve do PostGPS fibers from the otic ganglion follow (“hitch-a-ride” to the parotid
gland)

A

auriculotemporal nerve AKA V3

76
Q

Arterial supply tot he face is primarily from branches of __________

A

external carotid artery

77
Q

Minor blood supply contributions to medial forehead and bridge of nose from branches of
___________ (from orbit via
ophthalmic artery)

A

internal carotid artery

78
Q

What artery branches from the external carotid artery at the level of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, passes deep to the submandibular gland, and curls over the inferior margin of mandible anteromedial to masseter
muscle to supply most of the face

A

Facial artery

79
Q

What artery branches from facial artery inferior to the modiolus to supply the lower lip

A

Inferior labial artery

80
Q

What artery branches from facial artery superior to the modiolus to supply the upper lip

A

Superior labial artery

81
Q

What artery is the terminal portion of facial artery (name change at the angle of the nose) continues superior course along ala and then up to the bridge of nose

A

Angular artery

82
Q

What artery is the terminal branch of the external carotid artery continues superiorly anterior to the auricle to give off numerous branches to lateral and superior scalp

A

Superficial temporal artery

83
Q

What artery is a branch of the superficial temporal artery which courses inferior to zygomatic arch to supply cheek region and lateral face

A

Transverse facial artery

84
Q

What artery travels with the supra-orbital nerve through supra-orbital foramen/notch to emerge onto the forehead

A

Supra-orbital artery

85
Q

What artery travels with the supratrochlear nerve superior to the trochlea to emerge onto the middle of the forehead

A

Supratrochlear artery

86
Q

What artery travels with the infratrochlear nerve inferior to the trochea to emerge onto the root or bridge of the nose

A

Dorsal nasal artery

87
Q

Veins of the face lack _______

88
Q

Veins of the face typically flow _________ into neck to the internal jugular veins

A

inferiorly

89
Q

Regarding veins of the face, some venous blood can
enter deep face or orbit
(via ophthalmic veins)
and flow into ________ (Danger Triangle)

A

cavernous sinus

90
Q

what vein collects most of the venous blood from the face

A

facial vein

91
Q

What vein along the nose communicates with the cavernous sinus via ophthalmic veins

A

angular vein

92
Q

What vein communicates with the pterygoid venous plexus via the deep facial vein

A

facial vein

93
Q

what vein is formed by union of superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein

A

retromandibular vein

94
Q

What vein drains most of infratemporal fossa and lateral scalp

A

retromandibular vein

95
Q

The retromandibular vein divides inferiorly into an anterior and posterior division: the anterior division unites with the common facial vein
to drain into the _________ (variable)

A

internal jugular vein

96
Q

The retromandibular vein divides inferiorly into an anterior and posterior division: the posterior division unites with the posterior auricular
vein to form the ________

A

external jugular vein

97
Q

what is the largest salivary gland

A

parotid gland

98
Q

What 3 structures pass through the parotid gland:

A

branches of CN VII
external carotid artery
retromandibular vein

99
Q

Sensory innervation to parotid sheath supplied
by ________________(branch of the cervical plexus)

A

great auricular nerve

100
Q

The parotid gland hasp arasympathetic innervation from which CN

101
Q

the parotid gland has preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies in the __________

A

inferior salivary nucleus

102
Q

What nerve has preganglionic parasympathetic fibers via tympanic plexus of CN IX) exits the middle ear, travels along the floor of the middle cranial fossa to the foramen ovale, and synapses at otic ganglion
(postganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies; near CN
V3 at the foramen ovale)

A

lesser petrosal nerve

103
Q

PostGPS fibers hitch a ride on CN ________ and exit it as it passes by the parotid gland

104
Q

The parotid gland has PostGS cell bodies located in the _________

A

superior cervical ganglion

105
Q

PostGS fibers travel to the
parotid gland on the

A

external carotid artery

809 - Exam 1 Block (19 decks)

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