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pointsixtyfive.com Basics Study Guide supplemental questions > Radar Fundamentals > Flashcards

Radar Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

What is Radar?

A

A radio detection device which provides information on

  1. range,
  2. azimuth,
  3. elevation of objects.
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2
Q

What is azimuth?

A
  1. direction of a celestial object from the observer,
  2. expressed as the angular distance
  3. from the north or south point of the horizon.
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3
Q

What is Primary Radar?

A
  1. Radar transmits radio pulse
  2. Part of pulse hits any object with mass
  3. Is reflected back to the radar
  4. information is displayed at facility
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4
Q

What is Secondary Radar?

A
  1. object to be detected (normally aircraft) has cooperative equipment,
  2. known as a transponder.
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5
Q

What is Ground Clutter?

A
  1. pattern produced on the radar scope
  2. by ground returns
  3. may degrade other radar returns in the affected area.
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6
Q

What is an MTI?

A

Moving Target Indicator

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7
Q

What is a Moving Target Indicator?

A
  1. permits radar scope presentations
  2. only from targets
  3. in motion.
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8
Q

What is Polarization?

A
  1. radar antenna configuration that
  2. determines the motion of
  3. radio energy as it is transmitted.
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9
Q

What is Jamming?

A
  1. disruption of radar display
  2. or radio reception
  3. by electronic or
  4. mechanical interference
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10
Q

What is a False Target?

A
  1. Target that lacks

2. validity or authenticity.

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11
Q

How is a False Target often produced?

A
  1. temperature inversion or

2. Anomalous Propagation.

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12
Q

What are the four components of Radar?

A
  1. Transmitter
  2. Antenna
  3. Receiver
  4. Display
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13
Q

What does the Transmitter do?

A

Generates radio pulse

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14
Q

What radar component generates a radio pulse?

A

Transmitter

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15
Q

What 3 things does the Antenna radar component do?

A
  1. Focuses the pulse
  2. broadcasts the energy.
  3. Collects reflected energy.
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16
Q

Does the Antenna have a blind spot directly above it?

A

Yes

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17
Q

What radar component focuses the radar pulse, broadcasts the energy, and collects the reflected energy?

A

Antenna

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18
Q

What does the Receiver radar component do?

A
  1. Amplifies returned energy.

2. Converts to a video signal.

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19
Q

What radar component amplifies returned energy and converts it into a video signal?

A

Receiver

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20
Q

What 2 things does the Display radar component do?

A
  1. Presents the video signal.

2. Displays position and movement of targets.

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21
Q

What radar component presents the video signal and displays position and movement of targets.

A

Display

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22
Q

What is MTI blind speed?

A
  1. Aircraft flies directly towards/away from the antenna at a certain speed.
  2. Can reduce target’s strength.
23
Q

What is tangential course?

A

When the aircraft flies in an arc, remaining the same distance from the antenna.

24
Q

Why is tangential course a potential problem?

A
  1. MTI will think the target isn’t moving since the range isn’t changing
  2. this would weaken the target’s return signal.
25
Q

What are the two forms of Polarization?

A
  1. Linear

2. Circular

26
Q

What is Linear polarization?

A
  1. Normal radar transmission
  2. cause and echo from anything with mass.
  3. Displays all reflected signals.
  4. Provides strongest echo return.
  5. Allows display of precipitation.
27
Q

What is Circular polarization?

A
  1. Energy pulse rotates,
  2. filters out certain echoes.
  3. Helps reduce/eliminate returns from weather.
28
Q

What are the 5 phenomena that can adversely affect the presentation of primary radar targets on a display?

A
  1. Anomalous Propagation
  2. Temperature Inversion
  3. Electronic Interference
  4. Jamming
  5. Target Fades
29
Q

What causes Anomalous Propagation?

A

Moist or dense air masses

30
Q

Where does Anomalous Propagation frequently occur?

A

Over water

31
Q

What happens in an Anomalous Propagation phenomenon?

A
  1. radar beam is bent away from dense/moist air mass.
  2. Most commonly bent downward.
  3. Radar returns are displayed with range or azimuth errors.
32
Q

What happens in a Temperature Inversion phenomenon?

A
  1. Warm air gets trapped above cold air.
  2. Warm air deflects the radar transmission.
  3. Creates interference/ground clutter/false targets.
33
Q

What happens in an electronic interference phenomenon?

A
  1. Other energy emitting objects interfere with the radar signal.
  2. Different radar systems or channels can interfere with each other.
34
Q

What are the two forms of Jamming phenomenon?

A
  1. Active

2. Passive

35
Q

What happens in an Active Jamming phenomenon?

A
  1. Electronic disruption of the radar signal.

2. Creates clutter/interference on a radar display.

36
Q

What happens in a Passive Jamming phenomenon?

A
  1. Large amounts of shredded metal (chaff).

2. Creates clutter on a radar display.

37
Q

What happens in a Target Fade phenomenon?

A
  1. The radar gives weak returns on
  2. its edges/fringes or
  3. below the signal.
38
Q

What are the 5 Components of a secondary radar system?

A
  1. Interrogator
  2. Antenna
  3. Transponder
  4. Decoder
  5. Display
39
Q

What is the interrogator in a secondary radar system and what does it do?

A
  1. Ground based transmitter.

2. Requests a reply from transponders.

40
Q

What is the antenna in a secondary radar system and what does it do?

A
  1. Broadcasts signal along with the primary radar antenna.

2. Usually mounted on top of the primary antenna (where present).

41
Q

What is the transponder in a secondary radar system and what does it do?

A
  1. Aircraft based equipment.
  2. Replies to an interrogator’s request.
  3. Contains a 4 digit code assigned by ATC.
  4. Transmits speed and altitude to the ATC.
42
Q

What is the decoder in a secondary radar system and what does it do?

A

Sends transponder replies to a radar display

43
Q

What is the display in a secondary radar system and what does it do?

A

Electronic presentation of the secondary radar information

44
Q

What are the 3 advantages of a secondary radar system vs primary?

A
  1. Less blind spots than primary.
  2. Longer range than primary.
  3. Echoes not degraded by ground clutter or weather.
45
Q

What are the 3 disadvantages of a secondary radar system vs primary?

A
  1. Requires airborne equipment.
  2. Reception can be adversely affected by aircraft position.
  3. Provides no weather returns.
46
Q

What are the 3 phenomena that can interfere with secondary radar?

A
  1. Transponder may be near obstructions.
  2. Ring around (false secondary targets).
  3. Interrogator signal is strong enough to elicit a response from transponders it isn’t pointing at.
47
Q

What happens when the transponder is near obstructions in the secondary radar phenomena?

A
  1. Signal may reflect off nearby obstructions.

2. Creates a phantom response.

48
Q

What happens when the Interrogator signal is strong enough to elicit a response from transponders it isn’t pointing at in the secondary radar phenomena?

A
  1. Creates ghost targets.
  2. Azimuth cannot be determined.
  3. Can create a ring around a radar site of ghost targets.
49
Q

What are the 3 types of radar display?

A
  1. Analog
  2. Digital
  3. Video maps
50
Q

What does the analog radar display show?

A
  1. Displays the actual radar returns.

2. Has the radar “sweep”; the primary radar signal rotating around the antenna site.

51
Q

What does the digital radar display show?

A
  1. Targets are digitized; does not display the actual radar echo.
  2. Has no sweep.
52
Q

What does the video map radar display show?

A
  1. Overlays depicting data
  2. Airports
  3. Airspace
  4. Obstructions
  5. Range Marks
  6. Etc.
53
Q

What type of problematic phenomena can create false secondary targets?

A

Ring Around.

54
Q

What does ring around cause?

A

False secondary targets.

pointsixtyfive.com Basics Study Guide supplemental questions (30 decks)

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