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pointsixtyfive.com Basics Study Guide supplemental questions > NAVAIDs > Flashcards

NAVAIDs Flashcards

1
Q

NAVAID

A

Radio Navigational Aid

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2
Q

Radio Navigational Aid

A
  1. Electronic
  2. Airborne or on Surface.
    Provides
  3. Guidance info
  4. Position data
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3
Q

What is an airborne or surface electronic device that provides guidance info or position data to aircraft in flight?

A

Radio Navigational Aid

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4
Q

GNSS

A

Global Navigational Satellite System

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5
Q

Global Navigational Satellite System

A

Any satellite navigation system.

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6
Q

Waypoint

A
  1. Predetermined
  2. geographical position
  3. used for navigation
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7
Q

Precision approach

A

Approach procedure in which vertical guidance is provided

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8
Q

DME

A

Distance Measuring Equipment

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9
Q

What does Distance Measuring Equipment do?

A

Calculates slant range distance from aircraft to ground station

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10
Q

What radar system does Distance Measuring Equipment operate like?

A

Secondary radar in reverse

Transponder on ground, interrogator in aircraft

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11
Q

What navigation system operates similarly to secondary radar in reverse?

A

Distance Measuring Equipment

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12
Q

How accurate is Distance Measuring Equipment?

A
  1. Under 200 NM
  2. within 1/2NM
  3. or 3% of distance
  4. (whichever is greater)
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13
Q

Is Distance Measuring Equipment limited to line of sight?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Where is Distance Measuring Equipment least accurate?

A

Over ground station at high altitude

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15
Q

On what band does Distance Measuring Equipment transmit?

A

Ultra High Frequency (UHF)

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16
Q

ILS

A

Instrument Landing System

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17
Q

What are the 4 Instrument Landing System components?

A
  1. Localizer
  2. Marker Beacons
  3. Glideslope
  4. Approach Lights
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18
Q

What is a Localizer?

A
  1. Radio transmitter
  2. provides horizontal guidance
  3. to a runway centerline
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19
Q

What band does a localizer transmit on?

A

VHF

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20
Q

What is the localizer’s reliable vertical signal range?

A
  1. 18 NM from antennae

2. 1000’ above highest terrain and 4500’ above antennae

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21
Q

What is the localizer’s reliable lateral signal range Up to 18 NM from antenna?

A

10 NM from course

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22
Q

What is the localizer’s reliable lateral signal range Up to 10 NM from antenna?

A

10-35 NM from course

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23
Q

Where is the localizer located?

A

departure end of a runway

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24
Q

What does the localizer transmit behind it?

A

a “back course”

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25
Q

How is a localizer identified?

A

I- followed with the Morse Code identifier

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26
Q

Is ILS usable if Localizer is out of service?

A

No

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27
Q

What do marker beacons identify?

A

points on an instrument approach

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28
Q

Are marker beacons used in all ILS’s?

A

No

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29
Q

What aural signal does does an aircraft receive when passing over a marker beacon?

A

Morse Code

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30
Q

What visual signal does does an aircraft receive when passing over a marker beacon?

A

colored light

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31
Q

What is a glide scope?

A
  1. proper path of descent for an aircraft

2. the radio beam that marks #1

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32
Q

What does the glide scope provide?

A

Vertical guidance to the runway

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33
Q

At about what distance does the glidescope provide vertical guidance to the runway?

A

about 1000’ from approach end on the localizer’s front course

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34
Q

What band does the glidescope transmit on?

A

UHF

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35
Q

What is the typical glidescope descent angle?

A

3 degrees

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36
Q

About how many feet out is the outer marker of the glidescope intercepted by the aircraft?

A

1,400’

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37
Q

About how many feet out is the middle marker of the glidescope intercepted by the aircraft?

A

200’

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38
Q

What is the reliable range of most glidescopes?

A

10 NM (some exceed this)

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39
Q

What do approach lights provde?

A

Visual references for the pilot

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40
Q

What is an Inertial Navigation System?

A

Navigational device on board an aircraft

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41
Q

Does an Inertial Navigation System need outside input from devices outside the aircraft?

A

No

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42
Q

What tools does an Inertial Navigation System use?

A

Gyros
accelerometers
navigation computer

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43
Q

Does the accuracy of an Inertial Navigation System degrade over time?

A

yes

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44
Q

When is an Inertial Navigation System aligned?

A

A point prior to departure

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45
Q

At what rate does the accuracy of an Inertial Navigation System degrade?

A

1-2 NM / hr

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46
Q

GPS

A

Global Positioning System

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47
Q

Is the GPS satellite based?

A

Yes

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48
Q

What is the lowest number of GPS satellites observable from any point on earth?

A

5

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49
Q

What information does GPS transmit?

A

Position

Time

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50
Q

What is the minimum number of GPS satellites needed for 2-D accuracy?

A

3

51
Q

What is the minimum number of GPS satellites needed for 3-D accuracy?

A

4

52
Q

What type of information can GPS transmit with 3-D accuracy?

A

Altitude

53
Q

What is the percent probability that GPS can get the horizontal position of a target within 100m or less?

A

95%

54
Q

What is the percent probability that GPS can get the horizontal position of a target within 300m or less?

A

99.9%

55
Q

Is GPS affected by weather?

A

No

56
Q

What systems aid/enhance GPS accuracy/reliability?

A

GBAS
RAIM
WAAS

57
Q

RAIM?

A

Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring

58
Q

Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring?

A

on aircraft

verifies satellite data integrity

59
Q

WAAS?

A

Wide Area Augmentation System

60
Q

Wide Area Augmentation System?

A

ground based

allows GPS navigation for arrival/departure

61
Q

What type of guidance (vertical or horizontal) does WAAS allow?

A

Vertical (like a glide slope)

62
Q

NDB?

A

Nondirectional Radio Beacon

63
Q

What is the least accurate NAVAID?

A

NDB

64
Q

Non-directional Radio Beacon?

A
  1. a radio transmitter at a known location

2. used as an aviation or marine navigational aid.

65
Q

How does a Non-directional Radio Beacon help naviagation?

A
  1. Transmits a radio signal
  2. Pilot hones in on the signal
  3. Aircraft equipment points in the direction of the signal
  4. Can be used to transmit voice
66
Q

What can interfere with a Non-directional Radio Beacon signal?

A
  1. Weather

2. Other NDBs at night

67
Q

What is an NDB referred to as when used in conjunction with an ILS?

A

compass locator

68
Q

TACAN?

A

Tactical Air Navigation

69
Q

What organization uses Tactical Air Navigation?

A

Military

70
Q

Is TACAN more accurate than VOR?

A

Yes

71
Q

Can TACAN penetrate solid objects?

A

No

72
Q

On what band does TACAN transmit?

A

UHF

73
Q

What information does TACAN provide pilots?

A
  1. Bearing

2. Distance

74
Q

How many degrees around the system does TACAN transmit to pilots?

A

360

75
Q

Does TACAN have the same classifications/range as VORs?

A

Yes

76
Q

Does TACAN use channels or frequencies to transmit?

A

Channels

77
Q

VOR?

A

Very High Frequency Omni-Directional Range

78
Q

Very High Frequency Omni-Directional Range?

A
  1. short-range radio nav system

2. aircraft with a receiving unit can determine its position and stay on course

79
Q

What is the primary NAVAID in the NAS?

A

VOR

80
Q

Can VOR penetrate solid objects?

A

No

81
Q

In what direction is Very High Frequency Omni-Directional Range oriented?

A

magnetic north

82
Q

In what direction around the transmitter can VOR transmit?

A

360 degrees

83
Q

What is Very High Frequency Omni-Directional Ranges transmission accuracy?

A

1 degree normally

84
Q

What does VOR Transmit?

A
  1. Morse Code identifier

2. voice identification

85
Q

Can Very High Frequency Omni-Directional Range transmit voice communications?

A

Yes

86
Q

What are the 3 classes of VOR?

A 
Terminal (T)
Low Altitude (L)
High Altitude (H)
87
Q

Where is Terminal VOR used?

A

in navigation around a terminal area

88
Q

Up to what altitude can Terminal VOR transmit?

A

12,000’

89
Q

Up to what distance can Terminal VOR transmit?

A

25 NM

90
Q

How is Low Altitude (L) VOR normally used?

A

to navigate airways

91
Q

Up to what altitude can Low Altitude (L) VOR transmit?

A

FL180

92
Q

Up to what distance can Low Altitude (L) VOR transmit?

A

40 NM

93
Q

What is High Altitude (H) VOR used for?

A

to navigate all ATS routes

94
Q

What is High Altitude (H) VORs range Below 14,500’?

A

40 NM

95
Q

What is High Altitude (H) VORs altitude limit to which it can transmit to a distance of 40 NM?

A

14,500’

96
Q

What is High Altitude (H) VORs range from 14,500’ - 17,999’?

A

100 NM

97
Q

What are High Altitude (H) VORs 2 altitude ranges to which it can transmit to a distance of 100 NM?

A
  1. 14,500’ - 17,999’

2. Above FL450

98
Q

What is High Altitude (H) VORs range from FL180 - FL450?

A

130 NM

99
Q

What is High Altitude (H) VORs altitude range to which it can transmit to a distance of 130 NM?

A

FL180 - FL450

100
Q

What is High Altitude (H) VORs range Above FL450?

A

100 NM

101
Q

VORTAC?

A

VHF Omni-Directional Range/Tactical Air Navigation

102
Q

VHF Omni-Directional Range/Tactical Air Navigation?

A

VOR and TACAN combined.

103
Q

What does VHF Omni-Directional Range/Tactical Air Navigation (VORTAC) transmit?

A

Morse Code identifier for VOR and TACAN

104
Q

Do VOR frequencies and TACAN channels have standard pairings?

A

yes

105
Q

RNAV?

A

Area navigation

106
Q

Area navigation?

A
  1. Method of IFR

2. aircraft choose any course within a network of navigation beacons

107
Q

FMS?

A

flight management system

108
Q

What does FMS allow?

A

pre-programming routes

109
Q

How is the flight management system updated?

A

constantly via aircraft navigation systems

110
Q

How are Area navigation routes constructed?

A

series of waypoints

111
Q

Can published RNAV routes be flight planned?

A

Yes

112
Q

Are random Area navigation routes direct and point-to-point?

A

Yes

113
Q

Do random RNAV routes require ATC radar monitoring?

A

Yes

114
Q

What are the 4 advantages of Area navigation?

A
  1. Pilots fly preferred routes
  2. Less time/fuel used
  3. Can reduce ATCs need to vector
  4. Provides instrument approaches
115
Q

ATS?

A

Air Traffic Service

116
Q

Air Traffic Service?

A

service which regulates and assists aircraft in real-time to ensure their safe operations.

117
Q

What are the 3 types of ATS routes?

A

Air navigation
Colored Federal airways
Other named routes

118
Q

What are the 3 types of Air navigation routes?

A

VOR airways
RNAV routes
Jet routes

119
Q

What class airspace do VOR Airways serve?

A

Class E

120
Q

What class airspace do Jet Routes serve?

A

Class A

121
Q

What flights levels do Jet Routes serve?

A

FL180 - FL450

122
Q

What class airspace do RNAV Routes serve?

A

Class A & E

123
Q

What flights levels do High altitude RNAV Routes serve?

A

FL180 - FL450

124
Q

What flights levels do low altitude RNAV Routes serve?

A

Below FL180

pointsixtyfive.com Basics Study Guide supplemental questions (30 decks)

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