Approaches Flashcards
IAP?
Instrument Approach Procedure
Instrument Approach Procedure?
- predetermined
- IFR flight
- orderly transfer of an aircraft
- From initial approach
- To a landing
or - where the landing can be made visually
MAP?
Missed Approach Procedure
Missed Approach Procedure?
Procedure if the approach can’t be continued.
FAF?
Final Approach Fix
Final Approach Fix?
- IFR
- fix from which the final approach is executed
- Identifies the beginning of the final approach segment.
Primary NAVAID?
Provides lateral guidance for the final approach segment
Non-precision Approach
approach procedure which provides ONLY lateral course guidance.
PT?
Procedure Turn
Procedure Turn
- Used when an aircraft needs to reverse direction
- to enter the intermediate approach segment
- or final approach course
TAA
Terminal Arrival Area
Terminal Arrival Area?
1. Controlled airspace 3 areas: 2. straight-in, 3. left base, 4. right base
DA
Decision Altitude
Decision Altitude
Altitude at which a decision must be made to either
- continue the approach
- or do a missed approach.
MDA
Minimum Descent Altitude
Minimum Descent Altitude
- non-precision approach
- lowest altitude to which descent is authorized
- on final approach
What is a non-precision approach?
no electronic glideslope is provided
RVR?
Runway Visual Range
Runway Visual Range?
- instrumentally derived
- measurement
- horizontal visibility
- down the runway
- from the approach end
- in hundreds of feet.
What publication contains the approaches?
U.S Terminal Procedures Publications
What do approaches provide?
- IFR descent
- from en route
- to a point where a landing can be made
What aids allow lower descents?
More accurate NAVAIDS
Approaches provide guidance through ____ conditions to ____ conditions
- IFR
2. Visual
Can approaches also be used during VFR conditions?
Yes
On what 2 things are approaches named
- After the NAVAID they use
2. The primary Runway they serve.
What are the 4 approach segments?
- Initial
- Intermediate
- Final
- Missed
Initial Approach transitions aircraft from _______ to _______ phases
- En route
2. Approach
What 2 possible things does the initial approach phase position the aircraft to navigate toward?
- The FAF
2. Or primary NAVAID
What 5 things is the initial approach comprised of?
Radials Headings Vectors Procedure turns DME arcs
Where does the initial approach terminate
inbound approach course interception
What does the aircraft maneuver towards in the intermediate approach?
The primary NAVAID
What 2 possible things does the intermediate approach get the aircraft to?
- Primary NAVAID
2. FAF
In the intermediate approach, an aircraft may be on the _____ approach course prior to the FAF.
Final
Where does the Final approach start?
The FAF
Where does the Final approach end?
at point where:
- a safe landing is made or
- a missed approach is executed
Where does the missed approach start?
When an aircraft cannot complete a safe landing
Why might a pilot be unable to make a safe landing?
Pilot unable to see the airport or runway
What must the pilot be able to see before descending below the DA/MDA?
- runway environment
2. or approach lights
A missed approach allows for a ____ climb.
Safe
Where does a missed approach direct aircraft to?
A holding point
A missed approach is automatically authorized for any ___.
IAP
A missed approach is not automatically authorized for a ____ ______ _______
VFR practice approach
What are the 2 types of Instrument Approach systems?
Precision
Non-Precision
What are the 2 types of precision instrument approaches?
- ILS
2. PAR
ILS?
Instrument Landing System
What type of precision instrument approach is preferred in very poor weather?
ILS
May the ILS have a compass indicator?
Yes
Does an ILS contain a localizer?
yes
What type of guidance does a localizer provide?
Lateral course guidance
Does an ILS contain a glideslope?
Yes
What type of guidance does a glideslope provide?
Vertical course guidance
Does an ILS contain outer and middle markers?
Yes
What kind of guidance do outer and middle markers provide?
Range guidance
Can an ILS have an inner Marker?
Yes
What are the 4 components that make up all ILSs
Localizer
Glideslope
Outer Marker
Middle Marker
PAR?
Precision Approach RADAR
What instruments/NAVAIDs does a PAR use?
none
Where does the course guidance come from in a PAR?
The controller
How often does the controller provide course guidance in a PAR?
At least every 5 seconds
What organization primarily uses PAR?
The Military
Does a PAR system use charts?
No
Are altitudes published in a PAR?
Yes
Where are the altitudes published of a PAR?
The radar minimums section of the TPP.
RNAV?
Area Navigation
What does Area Navigation provide?
Vertical guidance/glide path
Is RNAV usually accurate enough to be classified as precision?
No
GPS?
Global Positioning System
GPS can provide ___ at airports without other ___s.
IAP
IAP
Most GPS are __________ approaches, but may simply overlay an ________ approach
standalone
existing
LOC?
Localizer
May be used for a _________ only approach.
Localizer
When may a localizer be used for a localizer only approach?
When an ILS is without a functioning glideslope
What type of navigation does a localizer provide?
Lateral
Can a Localizer provide vertical clearance?
No
How would multiple approaches using the same NAVAID to the same runway be differenetiated?
Letters from the end of the alphabet are added to the approach name,
Does a visual approach have a missed approach procedure?
No
Who is responsible for determining if approach weather minimums exist?
The pilot
Can ATC initiate a contact approach?
No
