Communication Flashcards
Phraseology?
- standard words and phrases
- have specific meanings
- provide clear and concise communication
- minimize misunderstandings
Radio Frequencies?
- Each is used for a specific purpose
- single frequency may be used for more than one function
- Assigned frequencies and interphones must be monitored continuously
UTC?
Coordinated Universal Time
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
- 24hr standard (GMT) time
2. Zulu time
NM
Nautical Mile
Nautical Mile
- Unit of distance used in aviation
- equals 6072 feet
- approx. 1.15SM
kts
Knots
Knots (kts)
- unit of speed
2. one knot = one nautical mile per hour
Mach
- Unit of speed relative to the speed of sound
2. Mach 1 equals the speed of sound
Coordination
- The relay of instructions
- unusual situations
- and essential info
- between all affected individuals
Interphone
- Landline communications system
- connects a controller
- to all facilities/positions
Handoff
- Transfers radar identification
- and communications of an aircraft
- from one controller to another
- when the aircraft enters the receiving controller’s airspace
Point-out
- Transfers radar identification
- but not communications of an aircraft
- from one controller to another
- if the aircraft will or may enter the airspace or protected airspace
- of another controller
What is used to pronounce individual letters?
NATO phonetics
EX: A=Alpha, B=Bravo, C=Charlie
How are numbers stated?
As individual digits
EX: 1000=One Zero Zero Zero
How are altitudes stated?
- hundreds and thousands
- but group form (ten thousand) may be used to clarify.
EX: 10000’= One Zero Thousand
How would FL180 be phrased?
Flight Level One Eight Zero
How would 20000’ altitude be phrased?
Two Zero Thousand
How would FL240 be phrased?
Flight Level Two Four Zero
What time zone is used in ATC?
UTC (GMT)
How is time stated?
In four individual digits.
How would 13:15 be phrased?
One Three One Five Zulu (UTC Time)
How would 08:25 be phrased?
Zero Eight Two Five Zulu (UTC Time)
How is wind stated?
- State “Wind”
- magnetic direction rounded to the nearest 10
- state “at”
- wind speed in knots
How would wind with a magnetic direction of 252 degrees at 10 knots be phrased?
WIND TWO FIVE ZERO AT ONE ZERO
How are headings stated?
- State “Heading”
2. Then the 3 digit heading
How would a heading of 050 be phrased?
Heading Zero Five Zero
How are beacon codes assigned?
- State “Squawk”
2. Four-digit code
How would a beacon code of 0572 be phrased?
Squawk Zero Five Seven Two
How would a runway assignment be stated?
- state “runway”
- first two digits of their magnetic heading
- “right”, “left”, or “center” where multiple runways exist
How would runway R36 be phrased?
Runway Three Six
How would runway R14R be phrased?
RUNWAY ONE FOUR RIGHT
How are frequencies stated?
- Individual digits
- “Point” for the decimal
- Drop the third number to the right of a decimal if it exists
How would frequency 118.825 be phrased?
ONE ONE EIGHT POINT EIGHT TWO
How is speed stated?
- Individual digits
- followed by “knots.”
- When using Mach numbers, first state “Mach” then the number
How would a speed of 250 knots be phrased?
TWO FIVE ZERO KNOTS
How would a speed of mach 1.2 be phrased?
Mach One Point Two
ATC must identify themselves on ______ contact with every aircraft.
Initial
What are the 3 parts of ATC initial contact with an aircraft?
- Aircraft call sign
- ATC identification
- Message
On initial contact, is “over” required?
No, but it may be stated at the end.
On initial contact, (1)____ call sign is used, unless not used by the (2)_____; then use the call sign the (3)_____ used (even if it’s (4)__________).
- full
- pilot
- pilot
- incorrect
If aircraft have similar call signs, what two methods can be used to clarify?
- Full call sign: don’t abbreviate
2. Authorized call signs: restate the call sign at the end
Phrase N172PT
November One Seven Two Papa Tango
Phrase SWA5, restate the call sign at the end.
Southwest Five Southwest
Phrase DAL5, restate the call sign at the end.
DELTA FIVE DELTA
What 2 types of call signs are stated in group form?
- Air Carriers
2. Other Authorized Call Signs
How is an Air Taxi’s callsign stated?
Prefix “Tango” then phrase normally
EX: TN903MC = Tango November Nine Zero Three Mike Charlie
Military call signs are prefixed with what 6 characters and what do they represent?
A: Air force C: Coast guard G: National Guard R: Army VM: Marine VV: Navy
Special military missions are prefixed with what 4 characters and what do they represent?
E: Air evac (medevac)
L: Logair (USAF contract)
RCH: Reach (Air mobility command)
S: SAM (Special air mission)
Phrase AAL1052 (Air Carrier).
American Ten Fifty-Two
When should “Medevac” prefix any call sign?
When pilot notifies ATC that the aircraft is an air ambulance.
Phrase LN902TX (Medevac)
Medevac November Nine Zero Two Tango Xray
Phrase the call sign for a civil aircraft flying the vice president.
Executive Two
Phrase the call sign for a civil aircraft flying the president.
Executive One
Phrase the call sign for a military aircraft flying the president.
Air Force One
Phrase the call sign for a military aircraft flying the vice president.
Air Force Two
Phrase the call sign for a military aircraft flying the vice presidents family.
Air Force Two Foxtrot
Phrase the call sign for a military aircraft flying the presidents family.
Air Force One Foxtrot
Phrase the call sign for a civil aircraft flying the presidents family.
Executive One Foxtrot
Phrase the call sign for a civil aircraft flying the vice presidents family.
Executive Two Foxtrot
What is the call sign for aircraft in the heavy wake turbulence category?
Heavy
Phrase D75H
Delta Seventy Five Heavy
When should “heavy” be stated in the call sign to a heavy aircraft at a terminal facility?
All communications with and about the aircraft
When should “heavy” be stated in the call sign to a heavy aircraft at an enroute facility? (4 points)
- Providing approach control services
- Separation is less than 5 miles by approved procedure
- Issuing traffic
- Communicating with terminal facilities
For RADAR identified aircraft, traffic advisories are issued in what 5 part order?
- Azimuth
- Distance in miles
- Direction traffic is moving
- Type, if known
- Altitude, if known
If altitude cannot be verified, what phrase should be used in a traffic advisory?
Altitude Indicates
Phrase Victor Airway: V69
Victor Sixty Nine
Phrase Jet route: J124
J One Twenty Four
How are Radials stated? (3 points)
- Name of NAVAID
- Digits of Radial
- “radial”
Phrase radial: SAR105
San Antonio One Zero Five Radial
How are Arcs stated? (5 points)
- Distance from NAVAID
- “mile arc”
- Direction from NAVAID
- “of”
- NAVAID name
Phrase Arc: TPA040015
One Five Mile Arc Northeast of Tampa Vortac
How are Unnamed fixes stated? (5 points)
- NAVAID name
- Radial #s
- “radial”
- distance
- “mile fix”
Phrase Unnamed fix: TPA040015
TAMPA ZERO FOUR ZERO RADIAL ONE FIVE MILE FIX
How are Named (charted) fixes stated? (2 points)
- name of fix
- Type of fix, if needed
EX: CZI → CRAZY WOMAN VORTAC
Phrase RNAV route Q101
Q one zero one
What RNAV routes are high altitude (T or Q)?
Q
Phrase RNAV route T212
Tango Two Twelve
What RNAV routes are low altitude (T or Q)?
T
MTR?
Military Training Route
Phrase MTR route IR155
I R One Fifty Five
Phrase MTR route VR78
V R SEVENTY EIGHT
Intrafacility coordination?
between positions within the same facility
What is the preferred method of Intrafacility coordination? What other methods may be used?
Interphones are preferred, but may be verbal or “in person”
Interfacility coordination?
between different facilities
What are the 5 common methods of coordination?
- Automated (computer systems)
- Interphone
- Verbal
- SOPs
- LOAs
4 levels of priority for coordination?
- Emergencies
- Clearance and control instructions
- Movement and control messages
- Movement messages of VFR aircraft
What are the 4 types of movement and control messages?
- Progress reports
- Departure reports
- Arrival reports
- Flight plans
To interrupt a current message with a higher priority message, what 2 possible words can be used?
- Emergency
2. Control
INTERPHONE MESSAGE FORMAT? (5 points)
- Caller states receiving facility/position, their own position, and the type of coordination
- Receiver states their facility/position
- Caller states the message
- Receiver replies, ends with operating initials
- Caller gives operating initials
What are the 5 steps in a Handoff coordination?
- Handoff
- Aircraft position
- Aircraft identification or beacon code
- Attitude
- Other appropriate information
5 steps in a Runway Crossing coordination?
- “Cross”
- Runway #
- “At”
- Point/intersection
- “Advise when the crossing is complete”
What 6 pieces of arrival information must approach control facilities forward to towers for IFR aircraft?
- Aircraft I.D.
- Type of aircraft and equipment suffix
- ETA
- Approach type
- Airspace entry direction (SVFR only)
- Aircraft position (contact approach only)
Under what conditions can an aircraft be transferred to another controller? (3 points)
- At a chosen location, time, fix, or altitude or
- Agreed in an LOA/SOP
- No conflicts w/other aircraft
What is the function of the position relief briefing?
Safely transfers position responsibility from one controller to another.
What are the 4 steps of a Position Relief Briefing?
- Preview the Position
- Verbal Briefing
- Assumption of Responsibility
- Review the Position
Preview the position
What are the responsibilities of the Relieving Specialist? (5 points)
- Follow Checklist and review the Status Information Areas
- Check position equipment, operational situation, and work environment
- Listen to voice communications and watch other operational actions
- Observe current and pending aircraft and vehicular traffic and correlate with flight and other movement information.
- Tell the specialist being relived that the position has been previewed and to start the verbal briefing
Preview the position
What are the responsibilities of the Specialist Being Relieved?
None
Verbal Briefing
What are the responsibilities of the Relieving Specialist?
Ask questions to ensure complete operational understanding
Verbal Briefing
What are the responsibilities of the Specialist Being Relieved? (5 points)
- Brief Relieving Specialist on abnormal items not listed on the Status Information Areas
- Brief on weather
- Brief on Traffic
- Brief on communication status of all needed aircraft
- Answer all Questions
Assumption of Position Responsibility
What are the responsibilities of the Relieving Specialist?
Tell the specialist being relieved that position responsibility has been assumed.
Assumption of Position Responsibility
What are the responsibilities of the Specialist Being Relieved?
- Give the position to the relieving specialist
2. Note the time
Review the Position
What are the responsibilities of the Relieving Specialist?
- Check, verify, and update information as needed
2. Check position equipment
Review the Position
What are the responsibilities of the Specialist Being Relieved? (4 points)
- Advise of any info updates
- Check and provide assistance as needed
- Sign on the relieving specialist and note the time
- Sign off the position.
What is the difference between a handoff and a point-out?
- A handoff will transfer communications
2. A point-out will not