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pointsixtyfive.com Basics Study Guide supplemental questions > Basic Navigation > Flashcards

Basic Navigation Flashcards

1
Q

Statute mile (SM) in feet

A

5280’

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2
Q

5280’

A

Statute mile (SM)

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3
Q

1 SM = __ NM

A

.87 NM

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4
Q

2 types of navigational reference lines?

A

Parallels

Meridians

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5
Q

Which direction do parallels run?

A

East/west (latitude)

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6
Q

What reference lines run east/west?

A

Parallels

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7
Q

Where is the only great circle Parallel?

A

Equator: 0 degrees latitude

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8
Q

What is the range of Parallels in degrees?

A

90 degrees north to 90 degrees south

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9
Q

Which direction do Meridians run?

A

North/south (longitude)

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10
Q

What reference lines run North/south?

A

Meridians

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11
Q

What meridian is at 0 degrees longitude?

A

Prime meridian

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12
Q

Where is the Prime meridian?

A

0 degrees longitude

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13
Q

Which (latitude or longitude) lines make up 1/2 of a great circle?

A

All longitude lines make up 1/2 of a great circle

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14
Q

Are all longitude lines 1/2 of a great circle?

A

yes

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15
Q

What is the range of meridians in degrees?

A

0° to 180° East/West

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16
Q

How are parallels/meridians measured?

A

Degrees
Minutes
Seconds
EX: (35°20’15”)

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17
Q

Where does the compass direction go in the parallel/meridian measurement?

A

The end

EX (35°20’15” N)

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18
Q

What fraction are minutes and seconds to their parent unit (degrees are the parent unit of minutes)?

A

1/60th

I.E., 60 minutes make one degrees and 60 seconds make a minute.

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19
Q

At the equator, how many NMs does 1’ of longitude equal?

A

1 NM

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20
Q

Are SMs used for visibility?

A

Yes

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21
Q

What measurement of distance is used to measure visibility?

A

SM

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22
Q

What measurement of distance is used for everything except visibility?

A

NM

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23
Q

What is UTC?

A

Coordinated Universal Time

24
Q

Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)?

A

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), Zulu (Z)

24-hour clock

25
Q

How many degrees longitude are time zones?

A

15 degrees

26
Q

What does a “knot” measure?

A

Speed

27
Q

How many NMs per hour is 1 KT?

A

1 NM per hour

28
Q

What are the 4 types of airspeed?

A

Indicated (IAS)
True (TAS)
Ground (GS)
Mach

29
Q

What is Indicated (IAS) used for?

A

ATC communications

30
Q

What type airspeed is used for ATC communications?

A

Indicated (IAS)

31
Q

What airspeed is shown on the aircraft’s airspeed indicator?

A

Indicated (IAS)

32
Q

Where is Indicated (IAS) shown?

A

the aircraft’s airspeed indicator

33
Q

What does True airspeed not take into account?

A

The wind

34
Q

What is true airspeed used for?

A

Flight planning

En route

35
Q

What is ground speed (GS)?

A

Speed of the aircraft over the ground.

36
Q

How is ground speed calculated?

A

True speed +/- wind effects.

37
Q

What type speed is calculated with True speed +/- wind effects?

A

ground speed (GS)

38
Q

What ratio is mach?

A

True airspeed : speed of sound

39
Q

How is mach expressed?

A

In decimals

EX mach 0.9

40
Q

What are the 3 main environmental effects?

A

Altitude
Temperature
Wind

41
Q

How does altitude affect speed measurements?

A

Air density affects aircraft speed.

Higher altitude will show IAS lower than actual GS

42
Q

How does temperature affect speed measurements?

A

Higher air temperature lowers air density

Same effects as altitude, but less pronounced

43
Q

How does wind affect speed measurements?

A

Head/Tail winds add or reduce an aircraft’s ground speed

Crosswinds affect speed and course

44
Q

How do Head/Tail winds affect speed measurements?

A

True airspeed +/- wind speed = GS
Add tailwind
Subtract headwind

45
Q

How do Crosswinds affect speed measurements?

A

Cause aircraft to drift.

EX: 10KT wind over one hour will blow the aircraft 10NM off course

46
Q

What are the 5 types of navigation?

A 
Waypoints charted by Lat/Long or bearing/distance from a NAVAID
Radio Navigation
Dead reckoning
RNAV
GPS
47
Q

How does Dead Reckoning work?

A

predetermined course
Corrects speed and headings
Accounts for wind
Can include ground references in VMC

48
Q

How does Radio Navigation work?

A

Ground based radios transmit nav aids to aircraft

49
Q

How does RNAV work?

A

Computed waypoints

50
Q

Where are Waypoints charted by Lat/Long or bearing/distance from a NAVAID approved?

A

Only where there’s ATC radar monitoring

51
Q

Is GPS affected by weather?

A

No

52
Q

What is magnetic variance?

A

The difference between true and magnetic north

53
Q

What is true north?

A

the geographic north pole

54
Q

Does magnetic north move?

A

Yes

55
Q

Does ATC use magnetic headings?

A

yes

pointsixtyfive.com Basics Study Guide supplemental questions (30 decks)

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