Emergencies Flashcards
What is an emergency?
- Distress or
- Urgency
- condition
What is Distress?
Condition
- of being threatened
- by serious and/or imminent danger
- requiring immediate assistance.
What is Urgency?
- Condition
- of being concerned about safety
- requiring timely,
- but not immediate assistance.
- Potentially a distress situation
What word can a pilot use to indicate distress?
MAYDAY
What are some examples of distress?
- Fire
- Critical fuel
- weather
- disorientation
What are the 2 emergency classifications?
- Distress
2. Urgent
What word can a pilot use to indicate urgency?
PAN-PAN
What are some examples of urgent situations?
- Low Fuel
- Minor Equipment problems
- Deteriorating weather conditions
What 3 entities can declare an emergency?
- The pilot
- ATC
- Aircraft owner/operator
ELT?
Emergency Locator Transmitter
Emergency Locator Transmitter?
transmit a distress signal by radio
What are some circumstances that may cause ATC to declare an emergency?
- Unexpected loss of radio/RADAR contact
- Indications a forced landing will be made
- ELT heard/reported
Are ELTs activated automatically?
yes
What are the 2 “guard” frequencies?
VHF: 121.5
UHF: 243.0
What is the VHF ELT frequency?
121.5
What is the UHF ELT frequency?
243.0
What are the minimum 4 pieces of information required to effectively handle an emergency response?
- Aircraft ID
- Aircraft Type
- Nature of emergency
- Pilot’s intentions
What is the Pilot responsible for in an emergency?
Operation of the aircraft
Who has final authority for any action deemed necessary, including deviating from rules in an emergency situation?
Pilot
What does it mean for an aircraft to “squawk?”
Pilot selects a transponder code
Aircraft squawks 7600?
Radio failure
In what 3 ways may an ATC attempt to establish communication in the event of a radio failure?
- Emergency Frequencies
- NAVAIDs
- Aircraft relay
What should ATC anticipate if communications can’t be established in a Radio Failure?
Pilot actions
Are pilots expected to know the lost communication procedures and practices for their situation?
Yes
After ___ minutes, a communication failure may be considered suspicious.
5
Aircraft squawk 7500?
Hijacking
What does ATC provide in actual/suspected hijackings?
Special handling
What is the procedure in a general (non-specific) bomb threat?
Report to authorities and handle as suspicious activity.
What is the procedure in a specific bomb threat?
- Advise the pilot of the threat
- Comply with any pilot requests
- Handle the aircraft as an emergency
What information does ATC request of the pilot in a specific bomb treat?
- Aircraft type, model, series
- Exact location/description of the bomb
- Other pertinent info
MANPADS?
Man-Portable Air Defense Systems
What should ATC do when a threat or attack from a MANPADS is determined to be real?
- Do not withhold landing clearance
- Issue information in time for it to be useful
- Allow pilot to determine course of action
- Broadcast info through the ATIS and radio
ATIS
Automatic terminal information service
What should ATC do in the event of an Unauthorized Laser Illumination?
- Collect information of the event
- Disseminate into:
- Every 5 minutes for 20 minutes following the report on all frequencies
- For one hour on the ATIS
Should an Unauthorized Laser Illumination be handled as an emergency?
Only if required
RVSM?
Reduced Visual Separation Minima
What should a pilot do in the event of an Inflight Equipment Malfunction?
Report all inflight malfunctions of:
- Navigation
- Approach
- Communications equipment
What should ATC do in the event of an Inflight Equipment Malfunction?
- Request nature of malfunction
- Ask if any special handling is desired
- Provide maximum assistance
- Relate info to subsequent controllers/facilities if necessary
What should ATC do in the event of a VFR AIRCRAFT IN DIFFICULT WEATHER?
- Determine facility best able to help
2. Assign beacon code which enables MSAW processing.
MSAW?
Minimum Safe Altitude Warning
What RADAR assistance should ATC provide VFR aircraft in adverse weather?
- Determine if pilot is capable of IFR flight
- If able, request pilot to file IFR flight plan and issue clearance.
- If unable, inform pilot of where conditions are VFR.
What should ATC do if the pilot declares an emergency while already in IFR conditions.
- Inform pilot of appropriate minimum safe altitude.
2. Provide headings/radials to allow a safe climb to minimum altitude.
What does minimum fuel mean?
The aircraft cannot accept undue delay
What does Emergency Fuel mean?
Aircraft needs to land immediately
Is volcanic ash normally visible of radar displays?
No
What can ash cause in turbine aircraft?
Total power loss
