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quiz 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the “secondary messenger” inside of a cell

A

cAMP

or cyclic AMP

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2
Q

what enzyme is needed to convert glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate

A

phosphorylase

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3
Q

what enzyme is needed to convert glucose-6-phosphate to glucose

A

phosphatase

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4
Q

what is the substrate of the enzyme in step 2 in glycolysis

A

glucose-6-phosphate

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5
Q

what is the product of the enzyme in step 2 in glycolysis

A

fructose-6-phosphate

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6
Q

what is the product of the enzyme in step 2 in glycolysis

A

dihydroxyacetone phosphate

glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate

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7
Q

what two products are formed in the cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

A

fermentation

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8
Q

if the yeast cell has oxygen what are the final products of glucose metabolism

A

water

carbon dioxide

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9
Q

anaerobic conditions, what is the pyruvic acid (in humans) converted to

A

lactic acid

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10
Q

the purpose of the reaction pyruvic acid to

is to regenerate what compound

A

NAD

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11
Q

what is the enzyme for the reaction above

A

dehydrogenase

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12
Q

in anaerobic conditions, the pyruvic acid in yeasts cells is first converted to what compound

A

acetalaldehyde

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13
Q

the breakdown of glycogen in the muscles is stimulated by what hormone

A

epinephrine

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14
Q

where is epinephrine made

A

adrenal glands

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15
Q

what is the enzyme needed for

pyruvic acid in yeast cells to be converted to acetalaldehyde

A

decarboxylase

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16
Q

glyconeogenesis (insulin)

A

inhibits

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17
Q

glycogenolysis (insulin)

A

inhibits

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18
Q

entry of glucose into a red blood cell (insulin)

A

no effect

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19
Q

entry of glucose into a muscle cell (insulin)

A

activates

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20
Q

where does

glycogenesis

A

liver and muscle

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21
Q

where does

gluconeogenesis

A

liver

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22
Q

where does

glycolysis

A

all cells

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23
Q

where does

glucogenolysis

A

liver and muscle

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24
Q

glycogen synthesis

A

endothermic

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25
oxidation of glucose to CO2 & H2O
exothermic
26
ADP & Pi --> ATP
endothermic
27
conversion of glucose-1-phospate to glucose-6-phosphate
endothermic
28
anabolic reactions
endothermic
29
hydrolysis of glycogen to glucose
exothermic
30
hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate to glucose
exothermic
31
CH3CH2OH to CH3CH=O
exothermic
32
concerning glycolysis | step 2
mutase | isomerase
33
concerning glycolysis | step 6
dehydrogenase
34
concerning glycolysis | step 7
kinase
35
concerning glycolysis | step 8
mutase | isomerase
36
all cells need insulin to help the passage of glucose into the cell
false
37
in coupled reactions, the energy of the endothermic reaction should be larger than the exothermic reaction
false
38
converting pyruvic acid to acetyl-CoA is an irreversible reaction
true
39
glucose-6-phosphate is always converted into pyruvic acid in both the liver and muscle
false
40
the same amount of energy will be created if one starts with glycogen or glucose
false
41
two phosphates must be on the fructose molecules before it can be split into 2 compounds
true
42
in aerobic condition, pyruvic acid must be converted into lactic acid
false
43
anabolic reactions are converting smaller molecules to larger ones
true
44
without oxygen, a cell cannot do glycolysis
false
45
oxidation reactions produce energy, which can be used to drive an endothermic reaction
true
46
a cell without mitochondria does only glycolysis for energy
true
47
in anaerobic conditions, the NAD cannot be regenerated, so glycolysis will stop
false
48
even though oxygen is found only at the last step of the electron transport system, if a cell has no oxygen the Krebs cycle will not work
true
49
a red blood cell gets most of its energy from the Krebs cycle
false
50
which part produces the most CO2
krebs cycle
51
actually uses O2 molecules
electron transport
52
occurs only in the cytoplasm
glycolysis
53
can occur in anaerobic conditions
glycolysis
54
converts FADH2 to FAD
electron transport
55
where oxidative phosphorylation takes place
electron transport
56
about what percent of energy in glucose is saved in glycolysis
2%
57
what step in glycolysis represents substrate level phosphorylation
7 or 10
58
which step in glycolysis is an oxidation
#6
59
which step in glycolysis is a dehydration
#9
60
what type of functional group is found at the very end of a coenzyme A molecule
thioalcohol
61
what is the high energy bond in acetyl-CoA
a thio ester
62
what is the high energy bond in glucose-6-phosphate
phosphate ester
63
why is a phosphatase found only in the liver
glycogen in the liver must provide glucose for the entire body
64
which cannot be converted back to glucose-1-phosphate
fructose-1,6,-bisphosphate
65
when glucagon affects a liver cell, what happens
glucagon turns on an enzyme which catalyzes the reaction ATP to cAMP kinase enzymes are turned on so phosphates can be put on glycogen synthetase and glycogen phosphorylase
66
what are the NOT effects of glucagon
glycogenolysis is stimulated in the liver and muscle glucose is converted to glycogen in the liver gluconeogenesis is inhibited
67
possible "fate" of pyruvate in the human body
conversion to acetyl CoA reduction to lactic acid in muscle
68
what is the purpose of the cori cycle
move lactic acid out of the muscle have the liver provide the muscle with "new" glucose
69
what causes muscle fatigue
accumulation of lactic acid have the liver provide the muscle with "new" glucose
70
what causes muscle fatigue
accumulation of lactic acid acidosis
71
the enzyme in step 1 of the Krebs cycle is an allosteric enzyme with sites for ATP, ADP, and NADH which would activate the enzyme
ADP
72
assuming oxygen is available, which can be converted into the most ATP
one NADH in the mitochondria
73
which can produces the most ATP per glucose molecule
glucose metabolism in the liver under aerobic conditions
74
how many CO2 are produced from Anaerobic oxidation of 3 glucose molecules in a human cell
none
75
how many ATP are produced from Anaerobic oxidation of 3 glucose molecules in a human cell
6 anaerobic 3 x 2
76
how many CO2 are produced from the anaerobic oxidation of 3 glucose molecules in a yeast cell
36
77
how many ATP are produced from the anaerobic oxidation of 3 glucose molecules in a yeast cell
6
78
how many pyruvic acids can be made from 2 sucrose molecules in glycolysis
8 2 sucrose= 4 glucose 2 pyruvic acids in glycolysis 4 x 2 = 8

Biochem (27 decks)

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