metabolism 2 Flashcards by danielle Conrardy

Q

the enzyme in step 4 of the krebs cycle is an allosteric enzyme with sites for ATP, ADP and NADH which of them would activate the enzyme

A

ADP

excess ADP means cell cell has used up ATP
needs more, Krebs cycle will speed up

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Q

which part produces the most CO2

A

Krebs cycle

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Q

actually uses O2 molecules

A

electron transport

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Q

occurs only in the cytoplasm

A

glycolysis

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Q

can occur in anaerobic conditions

A

glycolysis

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Q

converts FADH2 to FAD

A

electron transfer

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Q

where oxidative phosphorylation takes place

A

electron transfer

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Q

assuming oxygen is available, which can be converted into the most ATP

A

one NADH in the mitochondria

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Q

which can produces the most ATP per glucose molecule

A

glucose metabolism in the liver under aerobic conditions

RBCs have no mitochondria, can only do glycolysis
fermentation is always anaerobic

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Q

in aerobic oxidation of glucose, approximately what % of energy is stored as ATP

A

40%

36ATP x 7.5 kcal/mole =270 kcal

270/686 = 40%

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Q

in anaerobic oxidation of glucose, approximately what % energy is stored as ATP

A

2%

2ATP x 7.5 kcal

15/686 = 2%

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Q

which is the highest energy compound
CO2
NADH
NAD
FAD

A

NADH

only compound with hydrogens

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Q

highest energy

CH3CH2CH3

CH3CH2COOH

CH2(OH)CH(OH)CH2(OH)

3 CO2

A

CH3CH2CH3

least amount of oxygens

most hydrogest

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Q

lowest energy

CH3CH2CH3

CH3CH2COOH

CH2(OH)CH(OH)CH2(OH)

3 CO2

A

3 CO2

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Q

what is the primary source of energy for the following cells

red blood cells

A

blood glucose

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Q

what is the primary source of energy for the following cells

resting muscle

A

fatty acids

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Q

what is the primary source of energy for the following cells

liver

A

fatty acids

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Q

what is the primary source of energy for the following cells

brain during healthy eating

A

blood glucose

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Q

what is the primary source of energy for the following cells

muscle during strenuous activity

A

glycogen

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Q

brain during 24 hour starvation

A

ketone bodies

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Q

metabolism of glycerol starts in the

A

glycolysis

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Q

TRUE concerning mitochondria

A

-a cell must do alot of work will have more than one that doesn’t
-a cell can produce more mitochondria if it needs to do more work

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Q

FALSE mitochondria

A

all cells have the same number of mitochondria

2. all cells have mitochondria

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Q

brown fat helps

A

maintain body temperature of mitochondria than typical fat

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brown fat is found in

mammals who adapt to cold climates

brown fat contains

more mitochondria than typical fats

brown fat provides

more body heat, by producing less ATP

if there is no oxygen present, which processes can occur

1. glycolysis | 2. glycogenloysis

NADH & FADH2 are ultimately reoxidized (in electron transport chain) by

O2

coronary thrombosis oxygen is

cut off from the heart muscle

coronary thrombosis TRUE

glycolysis will increase

coronary thrombosis (what will build up)

lactic acid will build up

coronary thrombosis ____ will occur

acidosis will occur

which has higher energy NADH NAD

NADH

which has higher energy CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH glucose

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH

which has higher energy AMP ADP

ADP

which has higher energy Succinic acid succinyl CoA

Succinyl CoA

which has higher energy fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate fructose-6-phosphate

fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate

NOT true of ketone bodies

synthesized by all cell

too much ketone bodies in the blood can

cause ketosis

2 out of 3 ketone bodies are

acids, they can lead to acidosis

ketone bodies are synthesized

by the liver

ketone bodies TRUE

brain cells main source of energy during starvation

pyruvate to acetyl CoA is

oxidation decarboxylation synthesis

how many ATPs can be produced 6 NADH (cytoplasm)

12 ATP

how many ATPs can be produced 4 NADH

12 ATP

how many ATPs can be produced 4 NAD

0 ATP

how many ATPs can be produced 3 FADH2

6 ATP

how many ATPs can be produced 3 GTP

3 ATP

how many CO2 | produced from the complete aerobic oxidation of 4 acetyl- CoAs

8 CO2

how many ATP | produced from the complete aerobic oxidation of 4 acetyl- CoAs

48 4 x12

How many ATP are produced from the anaerobic oxidation of 9 glucose molecules

18

How many NADH are generated when 5 glucose molecules are converted to ethanol in fermentation

no NADH they are converted back to NAD in step 12

complete aerobic oxidation of 5 pyruvic acids will produce CO2

15 CO2

complete aerobic oxidation of 5 pyruvic acids will produce ATP

75 ATP 5 x 15

the complete oxidation of one mole of sucrose will produce how many ATPs assuming that fructose can be isomerized to glucose in the liver

1 sucrose = 2 glucose = 72 ATP | 2 x 36

for 6 glucose molecules going to pyruvic acid how many NAD molecules are used up

12

what type of group does acetylCoA transfer

acetyl

in aerobic conditions pyruvic acid is converted to

CO2 | H2O

the energy from glucose metabolism which is not stored as ATP is used for maintaining

boy temp

in muscle tissue, anaerobic oxidation of carbohydrates results in the production of

lactic acid

substrate or substrates for the enzyme in step 1 of the Kreb cycle

acetyl CoA oxaloacetic acid

Product of acetyl CoA oxaloacetic acid

citric acid

what type of enzyme is acetyl coA and oxaloacetic acid

synthetase

coenzyme is used to convert RCH2CH2R to RCH =CHR

FAD

what type of enzyme is needed for the above reaction

dehydrogenase

what coenzyme is used to convert RCH2CH=O to RCH2CH2OH

NADH

in what tissues are the following stored lipids

adipose

in what tissues are the following stored carbohydrates

muscle liver

in what tissues are the following stored amino acids

none there is an amino acid pool in the blood

which ketone body is NOT acidic

acetone

in the complete aerobic metabolism of glucose the carbons of glucose end up as

CO2

in the complete aerobic metabolism of glucose | the hydrogens of the glucose end up as before the electron transport system

NADH FADH2

in the complete aerobic metabolism of glucose | the hydrogens of the glucose of the glucose end up as after the electron transport system

H2O

why does starvation result in acidosis

glycogen is gone, fatty acid metabolism increases acetyl CoA accumulates but Krebs cycle slows down since oxaloacetic acid is used in gluconeogenesis to provide glucose to the brain. acetyl Co-A is converted to ketone bodies, and ketone bodies cause acidosis since 2 of them are acids

Acetyl CoA & oxaloacetic acid -------> citric acid enzyme: synthetase active sites for

acetyl coA oxalacetic acid

Acetyl CoA & oxaloacetic acid -------> citric acid classificed as

synthetase Allosteric

it has regulatory sites for citrate NAD ATP and NADH would the NAD molecule be

an activator

ATP is synthesized only in the electron transport chain

false

glucagon and epinephrine will speed up triglyceride hydrolysis

true

if needed, fatty acids can be bound to serum albumin and transported by the blood to other tissue to be oxidized

true