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Neurotransmiters Flashcards

1
Q

Acetylcholine (AC) - functional group

A

permanent amine salt

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2
Q

Acetylcholine is made up of

A

acetic acid (Acetyl)

alcohol (choline)

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3
Q

where is acetylcholine found

A

in the brain

associated with short term memory/attention

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4
Q

Alzheimers

A

too little acetylcholine

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5
Q

too much alcohol

A

inhibits acetlycholine production

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6
Q

found in nerve-muscle synapses

A

acetylcholine

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7
Q

dopamine

too much

A

schizophrenic

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8
Q

dopamine

too little

A

parkinson’s disease

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9
Q

norepinephrine

too little

A

depression

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10
Q

norepinephrine

too much

A

mania

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11
Q

serotonin

too little

A

depression

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12
Q

serotonin

too much

A

????

migraines

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13
Q

acetylcholine

too little

A

alzheimers

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14
Q

anesthetics

A

any substance causing unconsciousness or insensitivity to pain

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15
Q

novacaine

lidocaine

A

injected/dentist

soluble in blood (salts)

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16
Q

benzocaine

A

ointment/topical
NOT SOLUBLE
numming orajel, blistex

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17
Q

sedatives

A

barbiturates

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18
Q

barbiturates

A

“downers”

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19
Q

low dosage of barbiturates

A

mild sedative

hypnotic

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20
Q

high dosage of barbiturates

A

deep sleep

fatal

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21
Q

pentothal

A

dentist
takes seconds to take effect, last minutes
“truth serum”

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22
Q

pentobarbital

A

15mins—> hours

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23
Q

phenobarbital

A

1 hour —> lasts 6+ hours

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24
Q

barbituates

A

seconal
luminal
nembutal
pentothal

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25
barbituates are
highly addictive large tolerance withdrawal (convulsion) synergistic with alcohol
26
synergistic
amplified effect together 20x more potent
27
small doses of __ used as anti-comvulsants for epileptics
phenobarbital
28
antianxiety
work on GABA system increase calming effect from dopamine (brain) modulates
29
types of anti anxiety
valium xanax
30
antipsychotic
dopamine antagonist | bind and block receptor sites for dopamine
31
snake root shavings - plants
antipsychotic
32
thorazine
antihistamine, mental wards (allergies) | calming effect
33
too much | thorazine
decrease dopamine significantly | Parkinson's symptoms (shakes/tremmors)
34
Lithium
bipolar disorder
35
antidepressants
act to help aid in anxiety - regulate brain amine breakdown - slow down reuptake
36
MAO inhibitors
(not specific, Norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine) mono amine oxidase
37
tricyclics
block re-uptake serotonin and N.E.
38
SSRI
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
39
types of SSRI
prozac zoloft paxil
40
SSRI treat
depression OCD eating disorders menopause
41
Stimulants
"feel good system" | dopamine enhancers
42
amphetamines promotes
release of dopamine
43
amphetamines inhibit
MAO enzyme (breaking down dopamine staying in synapses)
44
amphetamines stimulate
central nervous system increase BP increase Pulse Decrease fatigue
45
amphetamines cause
- excitability - tremors - insomnia, paranoia, hallucinations
46
types amphetamines
adderall benzadrine monoamine
47
methedrine..
"meth" "speed" "ice"
48
Meth
different than amphetamines | move through BBB easier
49
neurotoxins
destroy dopamine neurons | permanent damage
50
abuse of amphetamines
can lead to parkinson's disease
51
pseudoephedrine
decongestants (sudafed) shrink nasal membrane stimulant
52
antihistimine
sedative
53
decongestants
stimulant
54
sudafed
stimulant
55
ephedrine | epedra
natural substance - -over the counter - -some diet/energy pills - -amphetamine - -optical isomer to sudafed
56
benzedrine
adult ADHD adderall
57
Ritalin
``` children ADHD (stimulant) stay focus ```
58
cocaine is a
stimulant
59
cocaine
from coca leaves | andeas mountains
60
cocaine hydrochloride is
injectable (salt)
61
cocaine is
volitile smoked not a salt
62
cocaine prevents
dopamine in the synapse from being taken back up (transporter)
63
high levels of dopamine in synapse
"feel good reward"
64
users of cocaine
body will decrease number of dopamine receptor sites | suicide, major depression
65
caffeine
mild stimulant
66
caffeine effects
glucose production (feel more energy)
67
smokers caffeine
gets removed from blood 2x as fast
68
nicotine low dosages
stimulant
69
nicotine is a (low dosages)
agonist (increasing) for acetyl choline in brain --> sense of alertness
70
nicotine high dosages
blocks receptor sites for acetylcholine in muscle nerve synapses muscle paralysis, death 50mg = lethal
71
tobacco
inhibits MAO enzyme | breakdown dopamine
72
tobacco users have higher levels of
dopamine | less risk of parkinsons

Biochem (27 decks)

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