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Biochem > Neurotransmiters > Flashcards

Neurotransmiters Flashcards

1
Q

Acetylcholine (AC) - functional group

A

permanent amine salt

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2
Q

Acetylcholine is made up of

A

acetic acid (Acetyl)

alcohol (choline)

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3
Q

where is acetylcholine found

A

in the brain

associated with short term memory/attention

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4
Q

Alzheimers

A

too little acetylcholine

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5
Q

too much alcohol

A

inhibits acetlycholine production

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6
Q

found in nerve-muscle synapses

A

acetylcholine

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7
Q

dopamine

too much

A

schizophrenic

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8
Q

dopamine

too little

A

parkinson’s disease

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9
Q

norepinephrine

too little

A

depression

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10
Q

norepinephrine

too much

A

mania

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11
Q

serotonin

too little

A

depression

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12
Q

serotonin

too much

A

????

migraines

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13
Q

acetylcholine

too little

A

alzheimers

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14
Q

anesthetics

A

any substance causing unconsciousness or insensitivity to pain

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15
Q

novacaine

lidocaine

A

injected/dentist

soluble in blood (salts)

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16
Q

benzocaine

A

ointment/topical
NOT SOLUBLE
numming orajel, blistex

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17
Q

sedatives

A

barbiturates

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18
Q

barbiturates

A

“downers”

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19
Q

low dosage of barbiturates

A

mild sedative

hypnotic

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20
Q

high dosage of barbiturates

A

deep sleep

fatal

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21
Q

pentothal

A

dentist
takes seconds to take effect, last minutes
“truth serum”

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22
Q

pentobarbital

A

15mins—> hours

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23
Q

phenobarbital

A

1 hour —> lasts 6+ hours

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24
Q

barbituates

A

seconal
luminal
nembutal
pentothal

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25
Q

barbituates are

A

highly addictive
large tolerance
withdrawal (convulsion)
synergistic with alcohol

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26
Q

synergistic

A

amplified effect together 20x more potent

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27
Q

small doses of __ used as anti-comvulsants for epileptics

A

phenobarbital

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28
Q

antianxiety

A

work on GABA system
increase
calming effect from dopamine (brain) modulates

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29
Q

types of anti anxiety

A

valium

xanax

30
Q

antipsychotic

A

dopamine antagonist

bind and block receptor sites for dopamine

31
Q

snake root shavings - plants

A

antipsychotic

32
Q

thorazine

A

antihistamine, mental wards (allergies)

calming effect

33
Q

too much

thorazine

A

decrease dopamine significantly

Parkinson’s symptoms (shakes/tremmors)

34
Q

Lithium

A

bipolar disorder

35
Q

antidepressants

A

act to help aid in anxiety

  • regulate brain amine breakdown
  • slow down reuptake
36
Q

MAO inhibitors

A

(not specific, Norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine)

mono amine oxidase

37
Q

tricyclics

A

block re-uptake serotonin and N.E.

38
Q

SSRI

A

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

39
Q

types of SSRI

A

prozac
zoloft
paxil

40
Q

SSRI treat

A

depression
OCD
eating disorders
menopause

41
Q

Stimulants

A

“feel good system”

dopamine enhancers

42
Q

amphetamines promotes

A

release of dopamine

43
Q

amphetamines inhibit

A

MAO enzyme
(breaking down dopamine
staying in synapses)

44
Q

amphetamines stimulate

A

central nervous system

increase BP
increase Pulse

Decrease fatigue

45
Q

amphetamines cause

A
  • excitability
  • tremors
  • insomnia, paranoia, hallucinations
46
Q

types amphetamines

A

adderall

benzadrine

monoamine

47
Q

methedrine..

A

“meth”
“speed”
“ice”

48
Q

Meth

A

different than amphetamines

move through BBB easier

49
Q

neurotoxins

A

destroy dopamine neurons

permanent damage

50
Q

abuse of amphetamines

A

can lead to parkinson’s disease

51
Q

pseudoephedrine

A

decongestants (sudafed)
shrink nasal membrane
stimulant

52
Q

antihistimine

A

sedative

53
Q

decongestants

A

stimulant

54
Q

sudafed

A

stimulant

55
Q

ephedrine

epedra

A

natural substance

  • -over the counter
  • -some diet/energy pills
  • -amphetamine
  • -optical isomer to sudafed
56
Q

benzedrine

A

adult ADHD

adderall

57
Q

Ritalin

A 
children ADHD   (stimulant)
stay focus
58
Q

cocaine is a

A

stimulant

59
Q

cocaine

A

from coca leaves

andeas mountains

60
Q

cocaine hydrochloride is

A

injectable (salt)

61
Q

cocaine is

A

volitile
smoked
not a salt

62
Q

cocaine prevents

A

dopamine in the synapse from being taken back up (transporter)

63
Q

high levels of dopamine in synapse

A

“feel good reward”

64
Q

users of cocaine

A

body will decrease number of dopamine receptor sites

suicide, major depression

65
Q

caffeine

A

mild stimulant

66
Q

caffeine effects

A

glucose production (feel more energy)

67
Q

smokers caffeine

A

gets removed from blood 2x as fast

68
Q

nicotine low dosages

A

stimulant

69
Q

nicotine is a (low dosages)

A

agonist (increasing) for acetyl choline in brain –> sense of alertness

70
Q

nicotine high dosages

A

blocks receptor sites for acetylcholine in muscle nerve synapses
muscle paralysis, death
50mg = lethal

71
Q

tobacco

A

inhibits MAO enzyme

breakdown dopamine

72
Q

tobacco users have higher levels of

A

dopamine

less risk of parkinsons

Biochem (27 decks)

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