Glycolysis worksheet Flashcards
1
Q
TRUE glycogen
A
- stored in the muscle and is used only by the muscle
- storage will increase after a big meal
- stored in the liver is used to regulate the body’s blood sugar
- it is the most branched of all the polysaccharides
2
Q
Glycogen is stored in
A
the muscle
and is used only by the muscle
3
Q
glycogen storage will
A
increase after a big meal
4
Q
glycogen stored in the liver
A
is used to regulate the body’s blood sugar
5
Q
glycogen is the
A
most branched of all the polysaccharides
6
Q
Blood sugar can
A
all cells can use blood sugar
7
Q
Red blood cells
A
can use ONLY blood sugar for its energy
8
Q
High blood sugar
A
hyperglycemia
9
Q
if blood sugar gets too high
A
excess can be excreted by the kidneys
10
Q
blood sugar is regulated
A
by hormones
11
Q
hypoglycemia can
A
lead to fainting and shock
12
Q
hyperglycemia can
A
cause blindness and cardiovascular disease
13
Q
glucagon is composed
A
of amino acids
14
Q
glucagon is synthesized by
A
the pancreas
15
Q
glucagon’s concentration
A
will be low when insulin’s concentration is high
16
Q
insulin is
A
a protein hormone
17
Q
insulin’s nickname
A
“feast” hormone
18
Q
Insulin tries
A
to lower blood sugar after a meal
19
Q
insulin will inhibit
A
glycogenolysis
20
Q
insulin will also inhibit
A
gluconeogenesis
21
Q
insulin will stimulate
A
entry of glucose into a muscle cell
22
Q
insulin will inhibit the
A
breakdown of fatty acids
23
Q
does NOT occur in “fight or flight”
A
epinephrine crosses the cell membrane
24
Q
glycogen is converted to glucose-1-phosphate in the muscles
A
“fight or flight”
25
epinephrine stimulates the production of cyclic-AMP in muscle cells
"fight or flight"
26
cAMP causes the glycogen synthetase to be deactivated
"fight or flight"
27
glycogenolysis is stimulated
"fight or flight"
28
which are proteins (polypeptides)
insulin
lactic acid dehydrogenase
glucagon
29
polysaccharides
glycogen
30
move through the cell membrane
cortisol
glucose
31
stimulate fatty acid synthesis from acetylCoA
insulin
32
stimulate the immediate conversion of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate in the liver
glucagon
33
stimulate the immediate conversion of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate in the muscle
epinephrine
34
stimulate the conversion of certain amino acids to glucose in gluconeogenesis
cortisol
glucagon
35
anabolism
| catabolism
reverse order
36
gluconeogenesis
| glycolysis
not reverse order
37
glycogenolysis
| glycogenesis
reverse order
38
photosynthesis
| complete oxidation of glucose
reverse order
39
compounds converted to glucose in gluconeogenesis
lactic acid
glycerol
some amino acids
40
which cells need insulin for glucose reentry
muscle cells
liver
adipose
41
if glycogen synthetase were allosteric, what effect would ATP have on it
active
42
the purpose of converting pyruvic acid to lactic acid is to regnerate
NAD
43
fructose-6-phosphate to
| glucose-6-phosphate
no energy needed
44
inhibits glycogenesis in the liver
glucagon
45
stimulates glycogenolysis in the muscle
ephinephrine
46
stimulates entry of glucose into a muscle cell
insulin
47
inhibits gluconeogenesis
insulin
48
stimulates entry of glucose into brain cell
none
49
glucose
can move through cell
50
glycogen
cannot move through cell
51
CO2
can move through cell
52
galactose
move through cell
53
glucose-1-phosphate
cannot move through cell
54
steroid hormones
move through cell
55
fatty acid
move through cell
56
glycerol
move through cell
57
protein hormones
cannot move through cell
58
epinephrine
cannot move through cell
59
amino acid
move through cell
60
polypeptides
cannot move through cell
61
TRUE insulin
inhibits glycogenolysis
stimulates entry of glucose into muscle tissue & liver tissue
62
insulin inhibits
glycogenolysis
63
insulin stimulates entry
of glucose into muscle tissue & liver tissue
64
FALSE insulin
1. too much insulin will result in hyperglycemia
2. stimulates entry of glucose into brain cells
3. stimulates gluconeogenesis
65
cAMP system is used for
mainly protein hormones
66
glycogen to
| glucose-1-phosphate
phosphorylase
67
glucose-1-phosphate to
| glucose-6-phosphate
mutase
68
glucose & ATP to
| glucose-6-phophate & ADP
kinase
69
glucose-6-phosphate to
| glucose
phosphatase
70
glycolysis is taking place in a red blood cell, where is the starting point
glucose
71
if glycolysis is taking place in a muscle cell (within the first few hours), what is the starting point
glycogen
72
in glycolysis, glucose is converted to
pyruvate
73
which steps in glycolysis have allosteric enzymes
1, 3, 10
74
what steps of glycolysis consume ATP
step 1
step 3
75
making of lactic acid in step 11a of glycolysis has no value except for getting NAD+ back
true
76
the purpose of glycolysis is to produce ATP
true
77
steps 1, 2, 3, and 10 of glycolysis
| are catalyzed by allosteric enzymes
false
78
pyruvic acid produced in glycolysis goes to the krebs cycle under anaerobic conditions
false
aerobic
79
the net gain of glycolysis starting from glycogen in the muscle is 3 ATP and 2NADH
true
80
glycogen (muscle) ATP: NADH
3 ATP
| 2 NADH
81
glucose ATP: NADH
2ATP
| 2 NADH
82
phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase decreases its activity
flase
83
phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase increases its activity
true
84
phosphorylation of glycogen synthetase decreases its activity
true
85
protein kinase, activated by cAMP, attaches a phosphate group to several proteins in the cell
true
86
protein kinase acts on phosphorylase kinase and glycogen synthetase by covalent modification
true
87
adenylate cyclase converts cAMP to ATP + 2 phosphates
false
88
Fructose-6-pi ---> Fructose + Pi
exothermic
89
ADP + Pi ---> ATP
endothermic
90
Fructose-6-Pi + ADP ---> Fructose
endothermic
91
creatine- Pi ---> creatine + Pi
exothermic
92
ADP + Pi ----> ATP
endothermic
93
creatine-Pi + ADP ---> creatine + ATP
exothermic
94
glucose-6-Pi ----> glucose + Pi
exothermic
95
creatine + Pi ---> creatine -Pi
endothermic
96
glucose-6-Pi + creatine ---> glucose +creatine-Pi
enothermic
