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Biochem > carbohydrates > Flashcards

carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

monosaccharides

A

(aldehydes)

aldoses -sugar
ketose

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2
Q

sugars are

A

optically active

never meso compounds

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3
Q

monosaccharides reactions

A

oxidation only

benedicts
fehlings
tollens

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4
Q

when oxidize a monosaccharide

A

reducing suger

can be oxidized to carb. acid

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5
Q

Maltose is

A

two glucoses

disaccharide

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6
Q

hemiacetal can

A

open

reducing sugar

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7
Q

glycoside…

A

can’t open

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8
Q

lactose is

A

milk sugar

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9
Q

lactose is made of

A

galactose (glycoside)
glucose (open)
reducing sugar

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10
Q

lactose intolerant

A

not enough lactase

  1. cook milk (hydrolyze disaccharide)
  2. lactacid
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11
Q

galactosemia

A

newborns genetic disease
lack enzyme to convert galactose –> glucose (liver)

galactose builds up
mental retardation & death

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12
Q

monosaccharides

A

soluble in H2O

can pass through cell membrane

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13
Q

disaccharides

A

soluble in H2O

cannot move through cell membrane

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14
Q

maltose

A

2 glucose

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15
Q

lactose

A

glucose

galactose

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16
Q

sucrose

A

glucose
fructose
(2x calories fructose)

17
Q

sucrose is

A

not a reducing sugar

18
Q

polysaccharides

A

glucose -starch

           - glycogen
           - cellulose
19
Q

2 polymers of starch

A
  1. amylose

2. amylopectin

20
Q

amylose

A

straight shape

alpha 1-4 linkage

21
Q

amylopectin

A

branched

1-6 linkage

22
Q

helix

A

test for starch

iodine test

23
Q

hydrolysis of starch

A

starch–> amylose/amylopectin –(amylase)–> dextrins–> maltose —(maltase)–> 2 glucoses

24
Q

dextrins

A

glue
“spray” ironing
stamp/envelope glue

25
Q

polysaccharides

A
  1. starch alpha 1-4 linkage
  2. glycogen
  3. cellulose
26
Q

glycogen

A

stores glucose in liver and muscles

regulated blood sugar

27
Q

glycogen is

A

very branched

28
Q

glycogen has

A

alpha 1-4 linkage

29
Q

cellulose

A

plant cell walls

cotton, paper, wood, grass, glucose!

30
Q

cellulose has

A

beta 1-4 linkage

31
Q

saccharin

A

pink

sweet-and-low

32
Q

aspartame

A

nutrasweet
blue
equal

33
Q

sucralose

splenda

A

yellow

replaces hydroxy with chlorides

34
Q

monosaccharides are

A

reducing sugars

35
Q

are monosaccharides soluble in water

A

yes

36
Q

monosaccharides can

A

move through cell membrane

37
Q

monosaccharides go

A

from open to closed in equilibrium

38
Q

anomers

A

closed form

Biochem (27 decks)

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