carbohydrates

Question 1

monosaccharides

Answer 1

(aldehydes)

aldoses -sugar
ketose

Question 2

sugars are

Answer 2

optically active

never meso compounds

Question 3

monosaccharides reactions

Answer 3

oxidation only

benedicts
fehlings
tollens

Question 4

when oxidize a monosaccharide

Answer 4

reducing suger

can be oxidized to carb. acid

Question 5

Maltose is

Answer 5

two glucoses

disaccharide

Question 6

hemiacetal can

Answer 6

open

reducing sugar

Question 7

glycoside…

Answer 7

can’t open

Question 8

lactose is

Answer 8

milk sugar

Question 9

lactose is made of

Answer 9

galactose (glycoside)
glucose (open)
reducing sugar

Question 10

lactose intolerant

Answer 10

not enough lactase

1. cook milk (hydrolyze disaccharide)
2. lactacid

Question 11

galactosemia

Answer 11

newborns genetic disease
lack enzyme to convert galactose –> glucose (liver)

galactose builds up
mental retardation & death

Question 12

monosaccharides

Answer 12

soluble in H2O

can pass through cell membrane

Question 13

disaccharides

Answer 13

soluble in H2O

cannot move through cell membrane

Question 14

maltose

Answer 14

2 glucose

Question 15

lactose

Answer 15

glucose

galactose

Question 16

sucrose

Answer 16

glucose
fructose
(2x calories fructose)

Question 17

sucrose is

Answer 17

not a reducing sugar

Question 18

polysaccharides

Answer 18

glucose -starch

           - glycogen
           - cellulose

Question 19

2 polymers of starch

Answer 19

1. amylose

2. amylopectin

Question 20

amylose

Answer 20

straight shape

alpha 1-4 linkage

Question 21

amylopectin

Answer 21

branched

1-6 linkage

Question 22

helix

Answer 22

test for starch

iodine test

Question 23

hydrolysis of starch

Answer 23

starch–> amylose/amylopectin –(amylase)–> dextrins–> maltose —(maltase)–> 2 glucoses

Question 24

dextrins

Answer 24

glue
“spray” ironing
stamp/envelope glue

Question 25

polysaccharides

Answer 25

1. starch alpha 1-4 linkage 2. glycogen 3. cellulose

Question 26

glycogen

Answer 26

stores glucose in liver and muscles regulated blood sugar

Question 27

glycogen is

Answer 27

very branched

Question 28

glycogen has

Answer 28

alpha 1-4 linkage

Question 29

cellulose

Answer 29

plant cell walls cotton, paper, wood, grass, glucose!

Question 30

cellulose has

Answer 30

beta 1-4 linkage

Question 31

saccharin

Answer 31

pink | sweet-and-low

Question 32

aspartame

Answer 32

nutrasweet blue equal

Question 33

sucralose | splenda

Answer 33

yellow | replaces hydroxy with chlorides

Question 34

monosaccharides are

Answer 34

reducing sugars

Question 35

are monosaccharides soluble in water

Answer 35

yes

Question 36

monosaccharides can

Answer 36

move through cell membrane

Question 37

monosaccharides go

Answer 37

from open to closed in equilibrium

Question 38

anomers

Answer 38

closed form