problem set 7 Flashcards
LACKS: lipid classification by structure structure products from reactions
compounds which have a glycerol backbone
- phospholipids
- fats
- glycolipids
compounds with NO glycerol backbone
- fatty acids
- sphingolipids
- steroids
- waxes
WATER SOLUBLE
- galactose
- triose
- a salt of a fatty acid
- soap
NOT water soluble
- oils
- steroids
- fats
- wax
- cellulose
CO2
slide
steroid hormone
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fatty acid
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amino acid
protein channels
cholesterol
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glucose
protein channel
starch
cannot enter
lactose
cannot enter
diethylether
soluble
ribose
protein channel
ethanol
protein channel
glycerol
protein channel
a protein hormone
cannot enter
Saponifiable compounds
- wax
- triglyceride
- phosphoglyceride
- glycolipid
- oil
NON saponifiable
a. steroids
b. fatty acid
c. prostaglandin
contains hydrophilic end
- phospholipids
- cephalin
- lecithin
- soap
NO hydrophilic end
a. steroid
b. triglycerides
c. fats
d. oils
e. waxes
Most polar
a. triglyceride
b. waxes
c. oils
d. fats
e. phospholipids
phospholipids
lowest melting point
CH3(CH2)10COOH
CH3(CH2)12COOH
CH3(CH2)6COOH
CH3(CH2)12COOH
most carbons
good cholesterol
HDL
transports most of the cholesterol to the cells
LDL
carries triglycerides from the intestine to the fat cells
VLDL
has the greatest abundance of protein
HDL
transports cholesterol to the liver
HDL
the least dense of the three of proteins
HDL
carries triglycerides synthesized in the liver to the muscles
VLDL
bad cholesterol
LDL
which contains phospholipids and proteins
VLDL
HDL
LDL
components of
cholesterol
steroid structure
components of
arachidonic acid
fatty acid
components of
choline
amine alcohol
components of
aldosterone
steroid structure
components of
olestra
sucrose
fatty acid
components of
estrogen
steroid structure
components of
glycolipid
galactose
glycerol
components of
beeswax
fatty acid
long chain alcohol
components of
olive oil
glycerol
fatty acid
components of
glycogen
glucose
components of
lecithin
glycerol
fatty acid
phosphate
amine alcohol
components of
butter
glycerol
fatty acid
components of
vitamin D
steroid structure
components of
cephalin
glycerol
fatty acid
phosphate
amine alcohol
progesterone
steroid structure
dextrin
glucose
lecithin
3chains
double bond, amine
glycerol
fatty acid
phosphate
amine alcohol
wax
CH3(CH2)28CH2-O-C(CH2)14CH3
fatty acid
long chain alcohol
fat
glycerol
fatty acid
cell membrane
phospholipids
enzyme 1 causes compound B to be released
name enzyme
phospholipase
compound B
coming from phospholipase
arachidonic acid
what kind of compound is aracidonic acid
fatty acid
enzyme 2 is used to convert B to C what is the name of enzyme 2
cyclooxygenase
what types of compounds are D E F
prostaglandins
what prescription anti-inflammatory inhibits enzyme 1
phospholipase
cortisone
what over the counter inhibits enzyme 2
cyclooxygenase
aspirin
what prescription drug is used to inhibit one form of the enzyme and not the other
celebrex
VIOXX
what compound is used to synthesize cholesterol
acetyl CoA
where is cholesterol made
liver
where is excess cholesterol not needed by the body transported
gallbladder
excess cholesterol might accidentally precipitate out as
gall stones
what steroid hormone regulate Na+ and K+ ions and promotes water retention
aldosterone
what steroid hormone regulates the conversion of proteins to carbohydrates
cortisone
what is the emulsifier found in egg yolks
lecithin
what kinds of lipids are found in the cell membrane (3)
- phospholipids
- glycolipids
- cholesterol
what are the products of saponification of a fat
glycerol
3 salts of fatty acids
cholesterol is used to synthesize what three types of compounds
steroid hormones
vitamin D
bile salts
what general structure feature do phosphatides share with soap
ionic end
hydrophilic
what structural feature is found in most prostaglandins
5 carbon ring
what functional group is found in a saponifiable lipid which is NOT found in a NONsaponifiable lipi
ester linkage
lack of enzyme to metabolize glycolipids may cause what diseases
Niemann- Pick
Gancher’s
Tay Sachs
what functions doe fat serve in the body
- energy
- insulation
- protection of vital organs
can waxes be converted into a soap
yes but difficult
what are the differences between a fat and an oil
oil is unsaturated fatty acid
why do unsaturated fatty acids have lower melting points than saturated fatty acids
cis double bonds cause “bonds” = do not stack well
how do the products of the acid hydrolysis and base hydrolysis of fat differ
acid hydrolysis= fatty acids
base hydrolysis=
salts of fatty acids
why does coconut oil (veggie) have a melting point similar to fats from animal sources
it has very few double bonds
