lecture notes Flashcards

1
Q

cofactor

A

inactive by self

a. metal ions
b. coenzymes

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2
Q

coenzymes

A

organic molecule NOT a protein

from: vitamins, diet (body cannot make)

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3
Q

Thiamine

A

TPP

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4
Q

riboflavin

A

FAD

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5
Q

niacin

A

NAD

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6
Q

folic acid

A

THF

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7
Q

pantothenic acid

A

coenzyme A

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8
Q

vitamin C

A

collagen (not a coenzyme)

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9
Q

lysozyme

A

enzyme found in saliva tears
destroys invading bacteria

–destroys CELL WALL of bacteria

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10
Q

cholinesterase

A
NT acetylcholine (substrate)
--breaks up after on receptor site
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11
Q

Vitamin K

A

needed for blood clotting
spinach broccoli

prothrombin –> thrombin

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12
Q

vitamin E

A

large doses anticoagulant

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13
Q

regulation (all enzymes)

A
  • produce more enzymes when excess of substrate

- make new enzymes (process=SLOW)

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14
Q

allosteric control

A
  1. enzymes found in metabolic pathways
  2. several subunits
  3. active site for substrate different
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15
Q

substrate

A

reactant

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16
Q

allosteric enzyme

A

works on first enzyme

17
Q

deactivator

A

slows down pathway is nonessential and excess

“building up”

18
Q

allosteric control (nonenzyme)

A

protein hemoglobin

binding of O2 activates

19
Q

proenzymes (zymogens)

A

inactive form –> active when needed

e.g . protease
blood clotting

20
Q

phosphate …

A

covalent bond to enzyme turns one on and one off

21
Q

irreversible inhibition

A

POISONS

permanent deadly
(covalent bond to side chain of amino acid in active site)
Blocks Substrate
--inhibitor does NOT LOOK like substrate
e.g. nerve gas, arsenic, snake venom
22
Q

Reversible competitive inhibitors

A

I looks like S
NOT permanent
SAME active site (h-bonding, salt bridge)
remove I by adding more S

23
Q

example Reversible competitive inhibitors

A

bacteria (folic acid) sulfa drug

antifreeze poisoning

24
Q

reversible noncompetitive inhibitor

A

ex. allosteric inhibitor

I does NOT look like S
I and S have DIFFERENT active sites
removing I reversible

e.g. heavy metals poisoning

25
heavy metals change...
3 structure | effects active site
26
makes up acetylcholine
acetic acid choline (alcohol)
27
curare
arrow posioning competitive inhibitor to A.C prevents A.C bonding paralysis, death small amts muscle relaxer
28
irreversible inhibition on enzyme
- -prevents enzyme from breaking down (hydrolyzed) - -NOT released from muscle causing convulsions/death - -NERVE GAS (SARIN)
29
Botulism
- -botox, snake venon, canned goods - -BLOCKS release NT (AC) - -no nerve impulse going across~ heart lungs stop working - -paralysis, death