lecture notes

Question 1

cofactor

Answer 1

inactive by self

a. metal ions
b. coenzymes

Question 2

coenzymes

Answer 2

organic molecule NOT a protein

from: vitamins, diet (body cannot make)

Question 3

Thiamine

Answer 3

TPP

Question 4

riboflavin

Answer 4

FAD

Question 5

niacin

Answer 5

NAD

Question 6

folic acid

Answer 6

THF

Question 7

pantothenic acid

Answer 7

coenzyme A

Question 8

vitamin C

Answer 8

collagen (not a coenzyme)

Question 9

lysozyme

Answer 9

enzyme found in saliva tears
destroys invading bacteria

–destroys CELL WALL of bacteria

Question 10

cholinesterase

Answer 10

NT acetylcholine (substrate)
--breaks up after on receptor site

Question 11

Vitamin K

Answer 11

needed for blood clotting
spinach broccoli

prothrombin –> thrombin

Question 12

vitamin E

Answer 12

large doses anticoagulant

Question 13

regulation (all enzymes)

Answer 13

• produce more enzymes when excess of substrate

- make new enzymes (process=SLOW)

Question 14

allosteric control

Answer 14

1. enzymes found in metabolic pathways
2. several subunits
3. active site for substrate different

Question 15

substrate

Answer 15

reactant

Question 16

allosteric enzyme

Answer 16

works on first enzyme

Question 17

deactivator

Answer 17

slows down pathway is nonessential and excess

“building up”

Question 18

allosteric control (nonenzyme)

Answer 18

protein hemoglobin

binding of O2 activates

Question 19

proenzymes (zymogens)

Answer 19

inactive form –> active when needed

e.g . protease
blood clotting

Question 20

phosphate …

Answer 20

covalent bond to enzyme turns one on and one off

Question 21

irreversible inhibition

Answer 21

POISONS

permanent deadly
(covalent bond to side chain of amino acid in active site)
Blocks Substrate
--inhibitor does NOT LOOK like substrate
e.g. nerve gas, arsenic, snake venom

Question 22

Reversible competitive inhibitors

Answer 22

I looks like S
NOT permanent
SAME active site (h-bonding, salt bridge)
remove I by adding more S

Question 23

example Reversible competitive inhibitors

Answer 23

bacteria (folic acid) sulfa drug

antifreeze poisoning

Question 24

reversible noncompetitive inhibitor

Answer 24

ex. allosteric inhibitor

I does NOT look like S
I and S have DIFFERENT active sites
removing I reversible

e.g. heavy metals poisoning

Question 25

heavy metals change…

Answer 25

3 structure

effects active site

Question 26

makes up acetylcholine

Answer 26

acetic acid

choline (alcohol)

Question 27

curare

Answer 27

arrow posioning

competitive inhibitor to A.C
prevents A.C bonding
paralysis, death
small amts muscle relaxer

Question 28

irreversible inhibition on enzyme

Answer 28

• -prevents enzyme from breaking down (hydrolyzed)
• -NOT released from muscle causing convulsions/death
• -NERVE GAS (SARIN)

Question 29

Botulism

Answer 29

• -botox, snake venon, canned goods
• -BLOCKS release NT (AC)
• -no nerve impulse going across~ heart lungs stop working
• -paralysis, death