Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology > (Q4) Diseases of the Urinary System (Ch.12) > Flashcards

(Q4) Diseases of the Urinary System (Ch.12) Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the Urinary System

A

Removes waste products from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nephritis/Bright’s Disease

A

Inflammation of the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A
  • Inflammation of the glomeruli
  • Associated with strep. pyogenes infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hematuria

A

Blood in the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Albuminuria

A

Albumin in the urine
(Albumin: proteins of the liver that helps retain fluid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nephrosclerosis

A

Arteries and arterioles of the kidney become hardened and sclerotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pyelitis

A

Inflammation of the renal pelvis
(Renal Pelvis: expanded portion of the upper part of the ureter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Uremia

A
  • Build-up of potentially toxic waste products, such as urea and uric acid, in the bloodstream
  • Can cause an odor and a yellow discoloration of the tissues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anuria

A

Complete suppression of urine output, indicating total kidney failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Oliguria

A

Less than normal amount of urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Polyuria

A
  • Passage of excess quantities of urine
  • Often accompanies diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus (sugar diabetes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Diabetes Insipidus

A
  • A rare and treatable condition in which your body produces too much urine.
  • Usually caused by an issue with how the body makes and uses antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ADH/Vasopressin/Anti-diuretic Hormone

A
  • Hormone that regulates urine output
  • When not properly produced, excess urine is generated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Glycosuria

A
  • Excess sugar in the urine
  • Often accompanies diabetes mellitus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A
  • Conditions that result in too much sugar in the blood (high blood glucose).
  • The pancreas does not produce insulin, which metabolizes carbohydrates and sugars
  • Sugar build up in the bloodstream and spill over into the urinary system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hematuria

A
  • Blood in the urine
  • Often accompanies glomerulonephritis, kidney infections, tumors, and other urinary system diseases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hemoglobinuria

A

Only hemoglobin is present in the urine
- Often accompanies diseases of the blood (Ex. hemolytic anemias: red blood cells are being abnormally destroyed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hypoplasia (of the Kidneys)

A

Underdevelopment of a body part

20
Q

Polycystic Kidney Disease

A

Kidneys develop many cysts

21
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

Build up of urine in the renal pelvis, generally due to a blockage downstream

22
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

Formation of kidney stones

23
Q

Nephroliths

A
  • Kidney stones
  • Their formation is sometimes associated with kidney inflammation, dietary problems and hyperparathyroidism
24
Q

Ureteritis

A

Inflammation of the ureters

25
Q

Cystitis

A

Inflammation of the bladder

26
Q

Urethritis

A

Inflammation of the urethra

27
Q

Pyuria

A

Pus in the urine

28
Q

Urinary Tract Infection

A

Common infections that happen when bacteria, often from the skin or rectum, enter the urethra and infect the urinary tract.

29
Q

Common Bacterial Causes of Urinary Tract Infections

A
  • Nesseria gonorrheae
  • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Escherichia coli
  • Proteus
  • Pseudomonas
  • Treponema pallidum
30
Q

Carcinomas of the Urinary System

A
  • Common malignant tumors that occur in the urinary system
31
Q

Bladder Cancer

A

Transitional cell carcinomas

32
Q

Kidney Cancers

A
  • Renal cells carcinoma (usually in adults)
  • Wilms’s Tumor: malignant rapid growing tumor usually in children)
33
Q

Agonal Agenesis

A

Born with only one kidney

34
Q

Renal Dysplasia

A

Abnormal tissue development occurs in the kidney during development

35
Q

Renal Failure

A

The loss of function of the kidneys
- Two types: acute and chronic

36
Q

Acute Renal Failure

A

Renal failure that results from a sudden drop in blood pressure brought on by trauma, complications in surgery septic shock, hemorrhage etc

37
Q

Chronic Renal Failure

A

Renal failure that results from major diseases such as glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, kidney stones, and chronic infections

38
Q

Dialysis

A

The processes of diffusing blood across a semipermeable membrane to remove toxic materials and maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance in case of impaired kidney function or absence of the kidneys

39
Q

Fistula

A
  • The surgical joining of an artery and vein
  • Doing this increases blood volume and stretches the vein to allow a larger volume of blood to flow
  • Used for dialysis patients
40
Q

Azotemia

A
  • Elevation, or buildup of, nitrogenous products in the blood
  • blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and other secondary waste products within the body
  • Three types of azotemia: pre-renal, intra-renal, post renal (BSB-blood flow, structural damage, blockage)
41
Q

Pre-renal Azotemia

A
  • Elevation of nitrogenous wastes in the blood because of decreased blood flow to the kidneys
  • most common form of azotemia
  • Causes: congestive heart failure, low blood pressure dehydration etc
42
Q

Intra-renal Azotemia

A
  • Elevation of nitrogenous wastes in the blood because of damage to the structure of the kidneys
  • Causes: diabetes mellitus, pyelonephritis, use of prescription drugs
43
Q

Post-renal Azotemia

A
  • Elevation of nitrogenous wastes in the blood because there is a blockage in the drainage tubes (ureters) that urine flows through
  • Causes: kidney stones, tumors, enlarged prostate (males)
44
Q

Embalming Considerations for Diseases of the Urinary System

A
  • Uremia (resulting from kidney failure)
    -Edema
  • Strong odor (resulting from uremia)
45
Q

Why does uremia increase formaldehyde/preservative demand?

A
  • Kidney failure causes a buildup of urea and other toxic waste products in the blood
  • Urea has the effect of altering tissue proteins so the ability of formaldehyde to coagulate the proteins is diminished

Pathology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions