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Pathology > (Q4) Diseases of the Bones and Joints (Ch.16) > Flashcards

(Q4) Diseases of the Bones and Joints (Ch.16) Flashcards

1
Q

Osteitis

A

Inflammation of a bone

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2
Q

Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica

A

Formation of cysts and fibrous nodules within the bones

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3
Q

Paget’s Disease/Osteitis Deformuns

A

-Excessive growth (hyperplasia) of bones that cause chronic inflammation, resulting in thickening, softening, and deformation
- Bones affected are predisposed to malignant development
- Usually affects older people

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4
Q

Osteomyelitis

A
  • Bone marrow inflammation (can include bone as well)
  • Two prevalent forms: Hematogenous, direct inoculation
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5
Q

Hematogenous Osteomyelitis

A

Osteomyelitis caused by an infection from bacteria that migrates from the blood into the bone
- usually occurs in children

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6
Q

Direct/Continuous Inoculation Osteomyelitis

A

Osteomyelitis caused by direct contact of the tissue with bacteria during surgery or trauma

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7
Q

Arthritis

A
  • Inflammation of the joint
  • Can be acute or chronic
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8
Q

Rheumatoid Arthitis

A
  • Common form of chronic arthritis that generally begins as an inflammation of synovial membrane lining the joint capsule
  • Typically starts with the hand and wrists, and spreads to other areas over time
  • May lead to joint destruction and prominent crippling
  • Affects mostly women
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9
Q

Psoriatic Arthritis

A
  • Inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis
  • occurs when the body’s immune system attacks healthy cells and tissue.
  • The immune response causes inflammation in the joints as well as overproduction of skin cells.
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10
Q

Psoriatic Spondylitis

A

psoriatic arthritis involving the sacroiliac joint and spine

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11
Q

Osteoarthritis

A
  • Very common form of chronic arthritis
  • More of a degenerative disease than inflammatory (like rheumatoid arthritis)
  • Affects men and women
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12
Q

Gout

A
  • hereditary form of arthritis
  • The result of a metabolic problem with uric acid in the body
  • Usually affects the feet and knees
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13
Q

How does uric acid cause gout?

A

Uric acid builds up in the bloodstream, then precipitated out of solution as urate crystals and tends to accumulate around certain joints

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14
Q

Bursitis

A
  • Inflammation of the bursa
  • Commonly occurs in the shoulder and elbow regions
  • Tennis Elbow: bursitis in the elbow area
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15
Q

Bursa

A

small sac-like structures containing synovial fluid, and they function to reduce friction in areas where a lot of movement occurs

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16
Q

Osteoporosis

A
  • Loss of bone density
  • Bone becomes more porous, brittle, and has a tendency to break more easily
  • Commonly in women after menopause
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17
Q

Osteomalacia

A
  • Softening of bone tissue due to a loss of calcium
  • Affects adults
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18
Q

Rickets

A
  • Softening of bone tissue due to a loss of calcium
  • Affects children
  • A childhood disease that occurs as a result of being deficient in vitamin D which aids in the absorption of calcium
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19
Q

Achondroplasia

A
  • Means “no cartilage formation”
  • A genetic disorder that results in a failure of cartilage to develop properly, especially in the growth centers of the long bones
  • Results in a form of dwarfism
20
Q

Scoliosis

A

A condition in which the spinal column contains an abnormal lateral curvature

21
Q

Kyphosis

A
  • Humpback
    -A condition in which the spinal column contains an abnormal (posterior) curvature
22
Q

Lordosis

A

An exaggerated anterior curvature of the spine

23
Q

Osteoma

A

Benign tumor of bone

24
Q

Chrondroma

A

Benign tumor of cartilage

25
Q

Osteosarcoma/Osteogenic Sarcoma

A
  • Malignant tumor of bone
  • most common type of cancer that develops in bone
26
Q

Chondrosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of cartilage

27
Q

Fracture

A
  • A break in a bone
  • can be accompanied by damage to surrounding tissues
  • Two Categories: simple or compound
  • Many subcategories
28
Q

Types of Bone Fractures

A
  • Compound
  • Comminuted
  • Greenstick
  • Closed
  • Impacted
  • Complete
  • Simple
  • Spiral
  • Depressed
  • Colles
  • Angulated
  • Displaced
  • Nondisplaced
  • Overriding
  • Segmental
  • Avulsed
29
Q

Compound/Open Fracture

A

Fracture in the bone and the bone pokes through the skin

30
Q

Simple Fracture

A

Broken bone does not protrude through the skin

31
Q

Comminuted Fracture

A

Fracture in which bone is crushed or splintered into pieces

32
Q

Greenskick Fracture

A

Fracture in whick the bone is bent on one side with a breakage on the opposite side

33
Q

Complete Fracture

A

Fracture in which two sections of bone are not touching, or completely separate from each other

34
Q

Closed Fracture

A

A fracture without rupture of ligaments or skin

35
Q

Impacted Fracture

A

One bone fragment is forced into another

36
Q

Spiral Fracture

A

The fracture follows a helical line along and around the course of a long bone
- May indicate child abuse resulting from twisting the arm

37
Q

Depressed Fracture

A

A peice of bone is broken and driven inward

38
Q

Colles Fracture

A

A transverse fracture of the distal end of the radius with displacement of the hand backward and outward

39
Q

Angulated Fracture

A

Fragments lie at an angle to each other

40
Q

Displaced Fracture

A

The fragments separated and are deformed

41
Q

Nondisplaced Fracture

A

The two sections of bone keep their normal alignment

42
Q

Overriding Fracture

A

Fragments overlap and the total length of the bone is shortened

43
Q

Segmental Fracture

A

Fractures occur in two nearby areas with an isolated central segment

44
Q

Avulsed Fracture

A

Fragments are pulled from their normal positions by muscles

45
Q

Embalming Considerations for Diseases of Bones and Joints

A
  • cranial/facial fractures require reconstruction and wax modeling
  • Swelling from broken bones
  • Straighten fractured limbs
  • May need to strap or bandage broken or donated limbs (plaster of Paris, wooden dowels)
  • vascular impairment from broken bones
    -inflammatory conditions can cause deformed or fused joints
  • May need to stretch or bend bones/joints
  • May need to receive permission to do extensive restorative art (incising tendons and ligaments, dislocating bones or joints)

Pathology (19 decks)

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