Nature Of Disease (Q2,P2, Ch.2) Flashcards
1
Q
Disease
A
- Absence of health,
- response of a living body to any form of injury
- changes from normal manifested by signs or symptoms
- Changes demonstrated by laboratory and radiographic findings
2
Q
Organic Disease
A
- diseases accompanied by specific anatomical changes
- diseases marked by some quantitive changes
(examples: red spots of measles, fever, high blood pressure)
3
Q
Functional Disease
A
- No readily apparent anatomical problems
- may be biochemical or genetic disease
(Examples: phobias, schizophrenia)
4
Q
Infectious Disease
A
- disease caused by a living pathogen
- can be transmitted from one person to another
5
Q
Deficiency Disease
A
- Disease caused by the lack of some essential element
- Any essential element is one that the body cannot manufacture/must come from diet
(examples: vitamin deficiency)
6
Q
Hereditary Disease
A
- any disease transmitted from parent to offspring
- All genetic diseases are hereditary; but not all hereditary diseases are genetic
(examples: infection transmitted from mother to child)
7
Q
Diagnosis
A
Determination of what disease exists
8
Q
Prognosis
A
Prediction of the outcome of a disease
9
Q
Pathogenesis
A
- The progression of a disease from its cause to its outcome; The course a disease takes
- the origination and development of a disease
10
Q
Complication
A
Any unfavorable condition arising during the course of a disease
(examples: heart attack after a stroke)
11
Q
Sign
A
- an objective manifestation of a disease
- anything that can be measured
(examples: fever, high blood pressure)
12
Q
Symptom
A
- subjective manifestation of a disease
- Can’t be measured or quantified
(examples: my head hurts (head pain can’t be quantified))
13
Q
Febrile Disease
A
-Any disease characterized by a fever
- body temperature above 98.6°F.
14
Q
Congenital disease
A
- Disease present at or before birth
(examples: down syndrome)
15
Q
Acquired disease
A
- Disease that develops after birth/present after birth
16
Q
Acute Disease
A
- Disease with a rapid onset and short duration
(rapid and short are relative terms)
(examples: heart attack, strikes suddenly and may end quickly)
17
Q
Chronic Disease
A
- Disease with a gradual onset and long duration
- Gradual may be decades
- Disease usually progresses
18
Q
Fulminating Disease
A
- An acute disease that results in death
- Characterized by a rapid and severe onset
(example: heart attack)
19
Q
Remission
A
- Temporary succession, or disappearance of signs and symptoms
- signs and symptoms usually return
- Term often used when discussing cancers
20
Q
Recurrent Disease
A
- A disease which reoccurs after a period of remission
21
Q
Exacerbation
A
Worsening of the signs and symptoms of a disease
22
Q
Communicable/Contagious Disease
A
A disease which can be transmitted from one person to another
23
Q
Prevalence
A
- the number of cases of a disease present in a given community at one time
Ex. 500 people got step during August 2023
24
Q
Endemic disease
A
A disease which exists in a given community all the time
(example: the cold)
25
Epidemic Disease
- A disease that affects many members of a given community at the same time
- Usually an infectious disease easily communicable
(Example: flu epidemic)
26
Pandemic Disease
- Disease that affects a very large number of the world population
(Example: COVID-19)
27
Sporadic Disease
A disease that only affects a small number of people in a given community
28
Idiopathic Disease
A disease with an unknown cause
29
Iatrogenic Disease
Disease caused by an approved medical treatment or procedure administered by a physician
(Ex. Partial blindness caused my LASIK eye surgery)
30
Nosocomial Disease
A disease that begins and develops as a result of hospitalization
(example: methicillin resistant staph, aureus infection from the hospital)
31
Syndrome
A group of signs and symptoms that occur together
(Example: Down’s syndrome)
32
Morbidity
- The study of the rate of occurrence of a disease
- The population is usually an entire country
(example: how many people in a given population develop a disease)
33
Morbidity Rate
Number of cases of a disease in a given population
34
Mortality
The study of the number of deaths associated with a particular disease
(example: heart disease is the leading cause of death in the USA)
35
Mortality Rate
The number of deaths in a given community caused by a particular disease
36
Predisposing factors/conditions
- Conditions or factors, which make it more likely for one to develop a disease
- Not a cause of disease
(examples: age, gender, race, occupation, Socio economic conditions, heredity)
37
Occupational Disease
Disease that is associated with a particular occupation, profession or job
38
Immediate/exciting cause of disease
- the thing that is responsible for causing a disease
- That which is directly associated with causing changes in morphology or physiology of the human body
(Rhinovirus infection is the immediate cause of the cold)
39
Examples of Trauma
Various kinds of trauma are directly related to cause any changes in the human body
(examples: vehicular accidents, gunshot wounds, chemical or physical agents, genetics, allergens, pathogens, deficiency diseases)
40
Intoxication
State or condition of being poisoned
41
Infestation
Harboring of animal, parasites/macroscopic organisms
(example: ticks)
42
Allergy
Hypersensitivity to a substance that is generally not harmful
