Inflammation (Q2,Ch.5)

Question 1

Inflammation

Answer 1

An immunological defense against injury, infection, or allergies, marked by increases in regional blood flow, immigration, white blood cells, and releases a chemical toxins

The body’s attempt to contain, and eliminate the initial cause of injury to the cells; essential to the removal of dead in the product issues, resulting from the original injury

Signs of inflammation: tumor, calor, rubor, dolor, Functio Laesa

Question 2

Vasodilation

Answer 2

The increase in the diameter of vessels

Question 3

Tumor

Answer 3

Common name: swelling
Increased permeability of vessels

Question 4

Calor

Answer 4

Common name: heat
Cause: Vasodilation (blood vessels expand)

Question 5

Rubor

Answer 5

Common name: redness
Cause: vasodilation (blood vessels expand)

Question 6

Dolor

Answer 6

Common Name: pain
Cause: nervous stimulation and swelling

Question 7

Functio Laesa

Answer 7

Common name: altered function for loss of function
Cause: swelling and pain

Question 8

Acute inflammation

Answer 8

The first phase of inflammation
Short duration (days)
The body’s attempt at regenerating cells and restoring them to normal function with no residual effects

Question 9

Chronic inflammation

Answer 9

The progression of acute inflammation
- Characterized as having a long duration (days-years)

Question 10

Serous infection

Answer 10

Exudation of clear fluid with few cells

Question 11

Fibrinous inflammation

Answer 11

Fibrin rich exudate

Question 12

Purulent inflammation

Answer 12

Exudate rich in Pus

Question 13

Ulcerative inflammation

Answer 13

Loss of epithelium resulting in ulcerous lesion

Question 14

Pseudomembranous inflammation

Answer 14

Ulceration and a pseudomembrane over the ulcer

Question 15

Chronic inflammation

Answer 15

Active inflammation, tissue destruction, and the presence of an inflammatory exudate containing lymphocytes and macrophages

Question 16

Granulomatous inflammation

Answer 16

Specialized form of chronic inflammation characterized by the formation of granulomas (accumulation of chronic inflammatory cells)

Question 17

Chemo taxis

Answer 17

The movement of white blood cells to an area of inflammation in response to the release of chemical mediators by neutrophils, monocytes, and injured tissues

Question 18

Phagocytosis

Answer 18

A process in which phagocytes (neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages) engulf and destroy microorganisms, other foreign antigens, and cell debris

Question 19

Lesion

Answer 19

Specific pathologic structural or functional change brought about by disease

Question 20

Abscess

Answer 20

A localized accumulation of pus

Question 21

Ulcer

Answer 21

An OPEN SORE or lesion of skin or mucus membrane, accompanied by sloughing off of inflamed, NECROTIC TISSUE

Question 22

Vesicle

Answer 22

Blister like elevation of skin containing serous fluid

Question 23

Furnuncle

Answer 23

Boil; an abscess or pustular infection of a sweat gland, or hair follicle

Question 24

Carbuncle

Answer 24

Several communicating boils of the skin and subcutaneous tissues that produces and discharges pus and dead tissue

Question 25

Pustule

Answer 25

A small elevation of the skin containing pus
(think of a pimple that hasn’t popped)

Question 26

Suppuration

Answer 26

The process of pus formation

Question 27

Pus

Answer 27

Other names: Purulent or Suppurative
- protein, rich fluid containing white blood cells, especially neutrophils, and cell debris produced during inflammation
- May have different colors

Question 28

Exudate

Answer 28

• Any fluid released from the body with a high concentration of proteins, cells, or solid debris
• oozes through the tissues, into a cavity or to the surface

Question 29

Hemorrhage

Answer 29

• The escape of blood from the blood vascular system
• hemorrhagic exudates contain blood

Question 30

Purulent

Answer 30

Exudate primarily composed of pus resulting from infections

Question 31

Most important cellular components of inflammation

Answer 31

Neutrophils: first cells to enter sign of injury; performs phagocytosis, produces chemotaxis

• Macrophages: enter side of injury within 3 to 4 days; perform phagocytosis; present during chronic inflammation

Question 32

Resolution

Answer 32

Termination of the inflammatory response, with the effective part returning to its normal state

Question 33

Outcomes of inflammation

Answer 33

Regeneration
Scar tissue

Question 34

Scar tissue

Answer 34

Other name: cicatrix
- A form of repaired tissue consisting of connective tissue
- Contain no blood vessels, hair, follicles, oil or sweat glands, or nerve endings

Question 35

Acute Inflammatory Response

Answer 35

An immediate, adaptive response with limited specificity caused by several noxious stimuli, such as infection and tissue damage (tissue necrosis).