(Q4) Diseases of the Integumentary System (Ch. 18)

Question 1

Acne

Answer 1

• Pimples, Whiteheads, and Blackheads
• A condition which results from an abnormal or profuse production of oil in the sebaceous glands
• Usually accompanies puberty and increases in hormonal changes
• Serious acne can lead to permanent scars in the skin

Question 2

Abscess/ Furuncle

Answer 2

• Area of pus surrounded by inflammatory tissue
• Usually the result of a local infection caused by Staph. aureus

Question 3

Carbuncle

Answer 3

Two or more furuncles that are joined together or communicate with each other

Question 4

Papule

Answer 4

A small solid lesion slightly elevated above the surface of the skin

Question 5

Macule

Answer 5

A temporary red spot left by a healed acne lesion

Question 6

Comedo

Answer 6

A sebaceous follicle plugged with sebum, dead cells, hairs, and bacteria
- Blackhead: Comedo in an open sore
- Whitehead: Comedo under the skin

Question 7

Pustule

Answer 7

A dome-shaped lesion containing pus consisting of white blood cells, dead skin cells, and bacteria

Question 8

Nodule

Answer 8

A solid, dome-shaped inflammatory lesion that extends deeps into the skin and causes scarring

Question 9

Cysts

Answer 9

• A saclike lesion containing semi-liquid material consisting of white blood cells, dead cells, and bacteria
  -Cysts are larger than pustules and extend deep into the skin
• Are often painful and result in scarring

Question 10

Syphilis

Question 11

Other viruses that cause infections resulting in skin lesions

Answer 11

• Measles (Rubeola)
• German Measles (Rubella)
• Herpes Simplex 1 and 2
• Chickenpox (Varicella)
• Shingles (Herpes Zoster)
• Smallpox (Variola Zoster)

Question 12

Lupus Vulgaris

Answer 12

• Tuberculosis of the skin
• Characterized by patches or ulcerations which leave scars on the skin after healing

Question 13

Scarlet Fever

Answer 13

• Streptococcal infection characterized by sore throat, fever, read skin rash, and other systemic symptoms

Question 14

Tineas

Answer 14

• Dermatomycoses: fungi that cause skin infections that cause different types of ringworm
• Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton
• Affect the scalp and beard(tinea capitis), groin (tinea crusis) or feet (tinea pedis)

Question 15

Dermatitis

Answer 15

• Inflammation of the skin
• Can result from non-infectious agents

Question 16

Contact Dermatitis/ Eczema

Answer 16

An inflammatory skin condition that causes itchiness, dry skin, rashes, scaly patches, blisters and skin infections

Question 17

Poison Ivy Rash or Poison Oak Rash

Answer 17

• Rash caused by an allergic reaction to an oily resin found on the leaves and other parts of the plants
• Reactions to resin include blistering and an itchy, inflamed rash
• Some are not affected by poison ivy/poison oak
• Example of a dermatitis

Question 18

Other ways to acquire dematitis

Answer 18

Soaps, Lacquers, fabrics, dyes, formalin and other chemicals can cause cases of dermatitis

Question 19

Seborrheic Dermatitis/ Seborrhea (Chronic Dandruff)

Answer 19

• A condition resulting from an excessive secretion of oil (sebum) from the sebaceous glands in the skin (especially scalp area)
• Can spread to the face, neck, and eyebrows if not properly treated
• Varies in severity: mild dandruff to severe, thick crust formations (cradle scalp)

Question 20

Tumors of the Skin

Answer 20

Both malignant and benign tumors can affect the skin

Question 21

Papilloma

Answer 21

Benign epithelia tumor that occur on the skin and mucous membranes

Question 22

Warts

Answer 22

Papilloma that develop on the skin and are covered with a hard rough layer of epithelium

Question 23

Moles/Nevi (Singular: Nevus)

Answer 23

• Pigmented epithelial tumors occurring on the skin
• If moles change size, color, bleed, acquire a red halo, or become painful could be a sign of cancer/ (malignant) melanoma

Question 24

Melanoma

Answer 24

• Highly malignant tumors of the skin
• Can rapidly spread to other major organs in the body

Question 25

Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Basal Cell Carcinoma

Answer 25

• Other malignant forms of epithelial tumors affecting the skin
• Carcinomas affecting the skin are most often associated with long-term, excessive exposure to the ultra-violet ray of the sun

Question 26

Psoriasis

Answer 26

Chronic inflammatory disease characterized by red, thickened areas with silvery scales most often found on the scalp, elbows, knees, and lower back

Question 27

Vitiligo

Answer 27

An idiopathic disorder in which the melanocytes stop producing pigment and are destroyed
- The loss of pigment results in white, patchy spots on the affected part and can appear anywhere on the body

Question 28

Bedsore/ Decubitus Ulcers

Answer 28

• Preventable injury to skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on the skin.
• Often develop on the heels, ankles, hips, and tailbone. They can develop quickly.

Question 29

Embalming Considerations for Diseases of the Integumentary System

Answer 29

• Discolorations
• Dehydration (dryness and scales)
• Lesions
• Pigmentation or depigmentation
• Swelling due to inflammation