(Q4) Diseases of the Integumentary System (Ch. 18) Flashcards
Acne
- Pimples, Whiteheads, and Blackheads
- A condition which results from an abnormal or profuse production of oil in the sebaceous glands
- Usually accompanies puberty and increases in hormonal changes
- Serious acne can lead to permanent scars in the skin
Abscess/ Furuncle
- Area of pus surrounded by inflammatory tissue
- Usually the result of a local infection caused by Staph. aureus
Carbuncle
Two or more furuncles that are joined together or communicate with each other
Papule
A small solid lesion slightly elevated above the surface of the skin
Macule
A temporary red spot left by a healed acne lesion
Comedo
A sebaceous follicle plugged with sebum, dead cells, hairs, and bacteria
- Blackhead: Comedo in an open sore
- Whitehead: Comedo under the skin
Pustule
A dome-shaped lesion containing pus consisting of white blood cells, dead skin cells, and bacteria
Nodule
A solid, dome-shaped inflammatory lesion that extends deeps into the skin and causes scarring
Cysts
- A saclike lesion containing semi-liquid material consisting of white blood cells, dead cells, and bacteria
-Cysts are larger than pustules and extend deep into the skin - Are often painful and result in scarring
Syphilis
Other viruses that cause infections resulting in skin lesions
- Measles (Rubeola)
- German Measles (Rubella)
- Herpes Simplex 1 and 2
- Chickenpox (Varicella)
- Shingles (Herpes Zoster)
- Smallpox (Variola Zoster)
Lupus Vulgaris
- Tuberculosis of the skin
- Characterized by patches or ulcerations which leave scars on the skin after healing
Scarlet Fever
- Streptococcal infection characterized by sore throat, fever, read skin rash, and other systemic symptoms
Tineas
- Dermatomycoses: fungi that cause skin infections that cause different types of ringworm
- Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton
- Affect the scalp and beard(tinea capitis), groin (tinea crusis) or feet (tinea pedis)
Dermatitis
- Inflammation of the skin
- Can result from non-infectious agents
Contact Dermatitis/ Eczema
An inflammatory skin condition that causes itchiness, dry skin, rashes, scaly patches, blisters and skin infections
Poison Ivy Rash or Poison Oak Rash
- Rash caused by an allergic reaction to an oily resin found on the leaves and other parts of the plants
- Reactions to resin include blistering and an itchy, inflamed rash
- Some are not affected by poison ivy/poison oak
- Example of a dermatitis
Other ways to acquire dematitis
Soaps, Lacquers, fabrics, dyes, formalin and other chemicals can cause cases of dermatitis
Seborrheic Dermatitis/ Seborrhea (Chronic Dandruff)
- A condition resulting from an excessive secretion of oil (sebum) from the sebaceous glands in the skin (especially scalp area)
- Can spread to the face, neck, and eyebrows if not properly treated
- Varies in severity: mild dandruff to severe, thick crust formations (cradle scalp)
Tumors of the Skin
Both malignant and benign tumors can affect the skin
Papilloma
Benign epithelia tumor that occur on the skin and mucous membranes
Warts
Papilloma that develop on the skin and are covered with a hard rough layer of epithelium
Moles/Nevi (Singular: Nevus)
- Pigmented epithelial tumors occurring on the skin
- If moles change size, color, bleed, acquire a red halo, or become painful could be a sign of cancer/ (malignant) melanoma
Melanoma
- Highly malignant tumors of the skin
- Can rapidly spread to other major organs in the body
Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Other malignant forms of epithelial tumors affecting the skin
- Carcinomas affecting the skin are most often associated with long-term, excessive exposure to the ultra-violet ray of the sun
Psoriasis
Chronic inflammatory disease characterized by red, thickened areas with silvery scales most often found on the scalp, elbows, knees, and lower back
Vitiligo
An idiopathic disorder in which the melanocytes stop producing pigment and are destroyed
- The loss of pigment results in white, patchy spots on the affected part and can appear anywhere on the body
Bedsore/ Decubitus Ulcers
- Preventable injury to skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on the skin.
- Often develop on the heels, ankles, hips, and tailbone. They can develop quickly.
Embalming Considerations for Diseases of the Integumentary System
- Discolorations
- Dehydration (dryness and scales)
- Lesions
- Pigmentation or depigmentation
- Swelling due to inflammation
