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Pathology > Diseases Of The Digestive System (Q3,Ch.10) > Flashcards

Diseases Of The Digestive System (Q3,Ch.10) Flashcards

1
Q

Stomatitis

A

Inflammation of the mouth

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2
Q

Aphthous Stomatitis

A

Common condition characterized by the formation of tiny white ulcers, which form at the base of the gums, lips, and cheeks called canker sores

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3
Q

Thrush

A

A fungal infection of the oral cavity caused by candida albicans

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4
Q

Cold sores/fever blisters

A

Sores in the mouth caused by herpes, Symplex virus 1

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5
Q

Mucus Patches

A

Inflammatory lesions in the mouth caused by treponema pallidum

(Treponema pallidum also causes syphilis)

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6
Q

Gingivitis

A

Inflammation of the gums

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7
Q

Glossitis

A

Inflammation of the tongue

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8
Q

Tonsillitis

A

Inflammation of the tonsils

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9
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Inflammation of the pharynx/throat

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10
Q

Esophagitis

A

Inflammation of the esophagus

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11
Q

What causes esophagitis?

A
  • Gastroesophageal Reflux (Disease) (GERD)
  • GERD occurs when gastric contents are passively regurgitated into the esophagus
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12
Q

Gastritis

A

Inflammation of the stomach

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13
Q

Hematemesis

A
  • Vomiting of blood from the stomach - often associated with gastritis
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14
Q

Ulcer

A
  • A localized area of necrosis on the skin or mucous membrane
  • Dead tissue is loft off, often resulting in a hole or crater at the site
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15
Q

Peptic ulcers

A
  • Ulcers which occurred in the stomach and duodenum
  • The name is derived from the digestive enzyme known as pepsin
  • secretion of an excess amount of gastric juices is usually associated with the formation of peptic ulcers
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16
Q

Why are ulcers serious?

A
  • The ulcer may become a hemorrhage
  • Ulcers may also perforate through the wall of the stomach or intestine, allowing for the contents of the digestive track to reach the abdominal cavity. This may cause peritonitis.
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17
Q

Peritonitis

A

Infection of the lining membrane of the abdominal cavity

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18
Q

Enteritis

A

Inflammation of the small intestine

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19
Q

Colitis

A

Inflammation of the colon

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20
Q

Proctitis

A

Inflammation of the rectum

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21
Q

Appendicitis

A

Inflammation of vermiform appendix

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22
Q

Common Intestine Infections

A
  • Amoebic dysentery
  • typhoid fever
  • bacillary dysentery
  • tuberculosis
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23
Q

What bacteria causes amoebic dysentery

A

Entamoeba hystolytica

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24
Q

What bacteria causes typhoid fever?

A

Salmonella typhi

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25
Q

What bacteria causes bacillary dysentery

A

Shigella

26
Q

Common causes for food poisoning

A
  • staphylococcus aureus
  • clostridium perfringens
  • clostridium botulinum
27
Q

Common bacterial causes of enteritis

A

Escherichia coli
Other enteric bacilli

28
Q

Diverticulosis

A

The condition of having one or more diverticula (abnormal sac or pouch in the walls of a hollow organ)

29
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of one or more diverticula

30
Q

Diverticula

A

An abnormal sac or pouch in the colon or a hollow organ

31
Q

What bacteria causes tuberculosis

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

32
Q

Hemorrhoids

A
  • Varicose veins in the rectal areas
  • Can be caused by: Any pressure in the veins in the rectal areas or obstructs the outflow of blood from the pelvic cavity

ex. Hemorrhoids caused by: Pregnancy, constipation, tumors, enlarged prostate glands, portal obstruction from liver conditions

33
Q

Hernia

A
  • Protrusion of an organ through the walls of the body cavity in which it is contained
  • Three types of hernias: abdominal, inguinal, hiatal
34
Q

Abdominal Hernia

A

Tear or weak spot develops in the musculature of the abdominal wall, part of the peritoneum, or a loop of intestine, pushes through its opening

35
Q

Inguinal Hernia

A

A hernia that occurs in the groin area

36
Q

Umbilical Hernia

A

Hernias that occur in infants due to imperfect closure of the abdominal wall in the area where the umbilical cord was attached

37
Q

Hiatal Hernia

A

Herniation of part of the stomach through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm

38
Q

Hepatitis

A
  • Inflammation of the liver
  • most common cause of hepatitis are several strains of viruses
39
Q

Hepatitis A/Infectious Hepatitis

A
  • caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV)
  • A food borne or waterborne illness
  • Usually less serious form of hepatitis
40
Q

Hepatitis B

A
  • Caused by Hepatitis B virus
  • more serious than Hep A; May result in chronic hepatitis and liver damage/liver cancer
41
Q

Hepatitis C/non-A, non-B Hepatitis

A
  • caused by Hepatitis C virus
  • can cause more liver disease than Hep B
  • Considered the “silent epidemic”; chills more people than AIDs
42
Q

Cirrhosis

A

A long-term degeneration of functioning cells of the liver, with a proliferation of fibrous connective tissue and scarring

43
Q

Jaundice/Icterus

A
  • A condition (symptom of a disease) produced when excess amounts of bilirubin circulating in the blood stream dissolve in the subcutaneous fat
44
Q

Effects of Jaundice

A
  • Ascites
  • Edema
  • hemorrhage
45
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder

46
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Formation of gall stones

47
Q

Cholangitis

A

Inflammation of the bile ducts

48
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas
Causes: gallstone blockages, chronic alcoholism, idiopathic

49
Q

Ulcerative Colitis

A

A disease that causes ulcers in the lining of the rectum and lower part of the colon, but may affect the entire large intestine
- An inflammatory bowel disease (inflammatory diseases of the small intestine and colon)
- Idiopathic disorder

50
Q

Crohn’s Disease

A
  • A chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the lining of the digestive tract.
  • Usually occurs in the small intestine
51
Q

Ulcerative Colitis vs. Crohn’s Disease

A
  • Crohn’s disease causes inflammation deeper within the intestinal wall than ulcerative colitis
52
Q

Proctocolectomy

A

Surgery to remove the colon and rectum

53
Q

Colostomy

A
  • a surgical operation in which a piece of the colon is diverted to an artificial opening in the abdominal wall so as to bypass a damaged part of the colon.
  • The opening created is called a stoma
  • Intestine is separated and attached to the stoma
54
Q

Bronze Diabetes

A

A rare form of diabetes that affects the liver’s ability to metabolize iron
- causes an enlargement of the liver and a bronze skin discoloration

55
Q

Stomach/Gastric Cancer

A
  • Cancer that occurs in the stomach.
56
Q

Liver Cancer

A
  • Cancer that occurs in the cells of the liver.
  • most common liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma
57
Q

Different Types of Obstructions/Ways to Cause Obstructions

A
  • Adhesion
  • Paralysis of the peristaltic muscles
  • Intussusception/Invagination
  • Volvus
58
Q

Adhesion

A
  • obstruction in the intestine after a surgery where the two sides grow together, closing the lumen of the intestine
59
Q

Paralysis of the peristaltic muscles in the bowel

A
  • Paralysis of peristaltic muscles prevents movement of materials within the bowel, leading to obstruction
60
Q

Peristalsis

A

the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wave-like movements that push the contents of the canal forward.

61
Q

Intussusception/Invagination

A

One part of the intestine slips into a previous segment of the intestine

62
Q

Volvus

A
  • Intestine twists on itself

Pathology (19 decks)

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