Diseases Of The Digestive System (Q3,Ch.10) Flashcards
Stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth
Aphthous Stomatitis
Common condition characterized by the formation of tiny white ulcers, which form at the base of the gums, lips, and cheeks called canker sores
Thrush
A fungal infection of the oral cavity caused by candida albicans
Cold sores/fever blisters
Sores in the mouth caused by herpes, Symplex virus 1
Mucus Patches
Inflammatory lesions in the mouth caused by treponema pallidum
(Treponema pallidum also causes syphilis)
Gingivitis
Inflammation of the gums
Glossitis
Inflammation of the tongue
Tonsillitis
Inflammation of the tonsils
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of the pharynx/throat
Esophagitis
Inflammation of the esophagus
What causes esophagitis?
- Gastroesophageal Reflux (Disease) (GERD)
- GERD occurs when gastric contents are passively regurgitated into the esophagus
Gastritis
Inflammation of the stomach
Hematemesis
- Vomiting of blood from the stomach - often associated with gastritis
Ulcer
- A localized area of necrosis on the skin or mucous membrane
- Dead tissue is loft off, often resulting in a hole or crater at the site
Peptic ulcers
- Ulcers which occurred in the stomach and duodenum
- The name is derived from the digestive enzyme known as pepsin
- secretion of an excess amount of gastric juices is usually associated with the formation of peptic ulcers
Why are ulcers serious?
- The ulcer may become a hemorrhage
- Ulcers may also perforate through the wall of the stomach or intestine, allowing for the contents of the digestive track to reach the abdominal cavity. This may cause peritonitis.
Peritonitis
Infection of the lining membrane of the abdominal cavity
Enteritis
Inflammation of the small intestine
Colitis
Inflammation of the colon
Proctitis
Inflammation of the rectum
Appendicitis
Inflammation of vermiform appendix
Common Intestine Infections
- Amoebic dysentery
- typhoid fever
- bacillary dysentery
- tuberculosis
What bacteria causes amoebic dysentery
Entamoeba hystolytica
What bacteria causes typhoid fever?
Salmonella typhi
What bacteria causes bacillary dysentery
Shigella
Common causes for food poisoning
- staphylococcus aureus
- clostridium perfringens
- clostridium botulinum
Common bacterial causes of enteritis
Escherichia coli
Other enteric bacilli
Diverticulosis
The condition of having one or more diverticula (abnormal sac or pouch in the walls of a hollow organ)
Diverticulitis
Inflammation of one or more diverticula
Diverticula
An abnormal sac or pouch in the colon or a hollow organ
What bacteria causes tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Hemorrhoids
- Varicose veins in the rectal areas
- Can be caused by: Any pressure in the veins in the rectal areas or obstructs the outflow of blood from the pelvic cavity
ex. Hemorrhoids caused by: Pregnancy, constipation, tumors, enlarged prostate glands, portal obstruction from liver conditions
Hernia
- Protrusion of an organ through the walls of the body cavity in which it is contained
- Three types of hernias: abdominal, inguinal, hiatal
Abdominal Hernia
Tear or weak spot develops in the musculature of the abdominal wall, part of the peritoneum, or a loop of intestine, pushes through its opening
Inguinal Hernia
A hernia that occurs in the groin area
Umbilical Hernia
Hernias that occur in infants due to imperfect closure of the abdominal wall in the area where the umbilical cord was attached
Hiatal Hernia
Herniation of part of the stomach through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm
Hepatitis
- Inflammation of the liver
- most common cause of hepatitis are several strains of viruses
Hepatitis A/Infectious Hepatitis
- caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV)
- A food borne or waterborne illness
- Usually less serious form of hepatitis
Hepatitis B
- Caused by Hepatitis B virus
- more serious than Hep A; May result in chronic hepatitis and liver damage/liver cancer
Hepatitis C/non-A, non-B Hepatitis
- caused by Hepatitis C virus
- can cause more liver disease than Hep B
- Considered the “silent epidemic”; chills more people than AIDs
Cirrhosis
A long-term degeneration of functioning cells of the liver, with a proliferation of fibrous connective tissue and scarring
Jaundice/Icterus
- A condition (symptom of a disease) produced when excess amounts of bilirubin circulating in the blood stream dissolve in the subcutaneous fat
Effects of Jaundice
- Ascites
- Edema
- hemorrhage
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder
Cholelithiasis
Formation of gall stones
Cholangitis
Inflammation of the bile ducts
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
Causes: gallstone blockages, chronic alcoholism, idiopathic
Ulcerative Colitis
A disease that causes ulcers in the lining of the rectum and lower part of the colon, but may affect the entire large intestine
- An inflammatory bowel disease (inflammatory diseases of the small intestine and colon)
- Idiopathic disorder
Crohn’s Disease
- A chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the lining of the digestive tract.
- Usually occurs in the small intestine
Ulcerative Colitis vs. Crohn’s Disease
- Crohn’s disease causes inflammation deeper within the intestinal wall than ulcerative colitis
Proctocolectomy
Surgery to remove the colon and rectum
Colostomy
- a surgical operation in which a piece of the colon is diverted to an artificial opening in the abdominal wall so as to bypass a damaged part of the colon.
- The opening created is called a stoma
- Intestine is separated and attached to the stoma
Bronze Diabetes
A rare form of diabetes that affects the liver’s ability to metabolize iron
- causes an enlargement of the liver and a bronze skin discoloration
Stomach/Gastric Cancer
- Cancer that occurs in the stomach.
Liver Cancer
- Cancer that occurs in the cells of the liver.
- most common liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma
Different Types of Obstructions/Ways to Cause Obstructions
- Adhesion
- Paralysis of the peristaltic muscles
- Intussusception/Invagination
- Volvus
Adhesion
- obstruction in the intestine after a surgery where the two sides grow together, closing the lumen of the intestine
Paralysis of the peristaltic muscles in the bowel
- Paralysis of peristaltic muscles prevents movement of materials within the bowel, leading to obstruction
Peristalsis
the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wave-like movements that push the contents of the canal forward.
Intussusception/Invagination
One part of the intestine slips into a previous segment of the intestine
Volvus
- Intestine twists on itself
