Neoplasms and Cysts (Q2,Ch. 7) Flashcards
Neoplasia
abnormal New Growth
Oncology
The study of neoplasms (cancers/tumors)
Neoplasms
Tumors; An abnormal mass of tissue that exhibits uncoordinated and excessive growth
Benign Tumor
Nonmalignant; A tumor that is not recurrent or progressive
Malignant Tumor
Cancers; Tumors that infiltrate tissue with crablike extensions
Metastasis
The spread of cancer
-oma Rule
(usually) describes a benign neoplasm (tumor)
(Exceptions: MGL- melanoma, glioma, lymphoma)
-sarcoma
means a malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues
-carinoma
means a malignant tumor that arises from epithelial tissues
Cancers of the glands
Adenoma: Benign neoplasms of epithelia origin (any gland).
Adenocarcinoma: Malignant neoplasm of glands
- Epithelial tissue
Papilloma
Benign wart-like tumors caused by the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
- Epithelial tissue
Condyloma
Warts
- Epithelial tissue
Dysplasia
The presence of abnormal cells on the surface of the skin (pre-cancer)
Polyps
Abnormal tissue growth on a mucous membrane
- Epithelial tissue
Types of bone tumors
Osteoma: Benign tumor originating in or consisting of bone tissue
Osteosarcoma: Malignant Bone tumor
- Connective tissue
Tumors of fat cells
Lipoma:Benign tumors composed of fat cells, and they may occur in any fat tissues
Liposarcoma: malignant tumor of fat cells
- Connective tissue
Tumors of vessels
Angioma: Benign tumor that affects vessels
Angiosarcoma Malignant tumor; a rare type of cancer that forms in the lining vessels
- Connective tissue
Tumors of blood vessels
Hemangioma: Benign tumor of blood vessels
Hemangiosarcoma: malignant tumor of blood vessels
- connective tissue
Lymphangioma
Benign tumor of lymph vessels
- connective tissue
Fibroma
Benign tumor of fibrous tissue
- connective tissue
Benign Tumors of Connective Tissue
Osteoma
Chondroma
Lipoma
Angiomas: Hemangioma, Lymphangioma
Fibroma
tumors of striated muscle
Rhabdomyoma: Benign tumors of striated muscle
Rhabdomyosarcoma: malignant tumor that effects striated muscle
- Muscle tissue
Tumors of smooth muscle
Leiomyoma: Benign tumors of smooth muscle
Leiomyosarcoma: malignant tumor that grows in the smooth muscles.
- Muscle tissue
Neuroma
Benign tumors of nervous tissue
- Nervous tissue
Melanoma
Malignant tumor of melanocytes
- Epithelial tissue
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Malignant tumor of epidermis
- Epithelial tissue
Transitional Cell Carcinoma
malignant cells form in the renal pelvis and ureter
- Epithelial tissue
Basal Cell Carcinoma
malignant tumor of the skin
-Epithelial tissue
Postmortem Conditions Associated with Neoplasms
1) Emaciation
2) Dehydration
3) Cachexia: malnutrition and the general wasting of the body
4) Discoloration
5) Hemorrhage
6) Tissue Deformation
7) Extravascular Obstruction
Cyst
A sac within or on the body surface containing air or fluid; closed pocket or pouch of tissue that can be filled with air, fluid, pus, or other material.
Ovarian Cyst
Fluid-filled sac that develops in the ovary and consists of one or more chambers
Sebacious Cysts 🧀
- A closed sac found under the skin containing a cheeslike material formed from skin secretionsAlso known as: epidermal cysts, keratin cysts, or epidermoid cysts; commonly found on the face, neck, and trunk
Glioma
malignant (cancerous) tumor; a growth of cells that starts in the brain or spinal cord.
- Nervous tissue
Lymphoma
malignant tumor of the lymph system (the tissues and organs that produce, store, and carry white blood cells that fight infections)
- Connective tissue
Fibrosarcoma
a malignant tumor of fibrous tissue
- Connective tissue
Types of tumors of bone cartilage
Chondroma: benign tumor of bone cartilage
Chondrosarcoma: malignant cancer that forms in bone cartilage
- Connective tissue
Emaciation
the state of being abnormally thin or weak
(abnormally lean)
Cachexia
Malnutrition and the general wasting away of the body
