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Pathology > Diseases Of The Blood (Q3,Ch. 8) > Flashcards

Diseases Of The Blood (Q3,Ch. 8) Flashcards

1
Q

Plasma

A
  • Liquid portion of blood
  • consists of 90% water, fibrin, salts and proteins
  • Suspended in blood plasma are 3 types of blood cells: red, white, and platelets
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2
Q

Red Blood Cells/Erythrocytes

A
  • Carry oxygen to the tissues of the body
  • Remove carbon dioxide
  • Most numerous of the blood cells
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3
Q

White Blood Cells/Leukocytes

A
  • One of the body’s immune defense mechanisms
  • Participate in phagocytosis and antibody formation
    (6 types: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes)
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4
Q

Platelets/Thrombocytes

A

Blood cells involved in the process of blood clot formation

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5
Q

Anemia

A

A decrease in the number of red blood cells, and or hemoglobin
(two main types: primary and secondary)

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6
Q

Primary anemias

A

Decreased production of red blood cells

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7
Q

Secondary anemias

A

Increased loss or destruction of red blood cells

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8
Q

Pernicious anemia

A
  • A type of primary anemia
  • Deficiency disease that results from a lack of vitamin B12, being absorbed in the digestive tract (prevents normal development of blood cells)
  • Associated with older age
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9
Q

Aplastic anemia

A
  • A type of primary anemia
  • Virtual stoppage of blood cell formation in the bone marrow
  • Associated with drugs, chemical agents, radiation, and other factors
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10
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A
  • Type of secondary/hemolytic anemia
  • also called homozygous sickle cell disease
  • Genetic defect in the manufacture of hemoglobin
  • Causes an abnormal crescent shaped red blood cell
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11
Q

Erythroblastosis fetalis

A
  • Type of secondary/hemolytic anemia
  • problem of blood in compatibility between a mother and her fetus
  • Mother who is Rh- carries a child who is Rh+
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12
Q

Leukocytosis

A
  • Increase in the number of circulation white blood cells
  • An important defense mechanism of the body (temporary and transient)
  • When the disease/condition is over the white blood cell count returns to normal
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13
Q

Leukemia/cancer of the blood

A
  • A malignancy of the hemopoietic tissue in the body
  • permanent massive leukocytosis
  • White blood cells are immature and crowd out other blood cells, preventing normal maturation
  • (four major types of leukemia)
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14
Q

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

A
  • A type of cancer of the blood and bone marrow that affects white blood cells.
  • It occurs when a bone marrow cell develops errors in its DNA.
  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common childhood cancer
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15
Q

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

A
  • A type of cancer of the blood and bone marrow with excess immature white blood cells.
  • AML progresses rapidly, with myeloid cells interfering with the production of normal white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.
  • Most common form of leukemia affecting older people
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16
Q

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

A
  • A type of cancer of the blood and bone marrow.
  • develops from B cells.
  • usually affecting older adults.
  • CLL may not cause any symptoms for years.
  • Treatment isn’t always initially necessary but may include chemotherapy
  • Slow growing and not as aggressive as ALL
  • CLL and small cell lymphoma are often considered one disease
17
Q

Chronic myeloid leukemia/chronic myelogenous leukemia/chronic granulocytic leukemia (CML)

A
  • A slowly progressing and uncommon type of blood-cell cancer that begins in the bone marrow.
  • typically affects older adults. It’s caused by a chromosome mutation that occurs spontaneously.
  • Doctors aren’t sure what causes the mutation.
  • Many people don’t develop symptoms until later stages
  • diagnosis is only made through routine blood work.
18
Q

Leukopenia

A

Decrease in white blood cells

19
Q

Polycythemia

A

Increase in the number of blood cells in the body

20
Q

Erythrocytosis

A

Increase in red blood cells

21
Q

Hemophilia

A
  • A greatly prolonged clotting time for blood
  • Hereditary, sex linked bleeding disorder. (affects mostly males)
22
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A
  • Decreased number of platelets or thrombocytes in the blood
  • Tendencies to hemorrhage occur
23
Q

Purpura/thrombocytopenic purpura

A
  • Widespread, spontaneous hemorrhages into the skin and mucous membranes
24
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Bruise like patches of hemorrhage under the skin

25
Q

Petechiae

A

Pinpoint hemorrhages; Small, red spots of hemorrhage

Pathology (19 decks)

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