Diseases Of The Blood (Q3,Ch. 8) Flashcards
Plasma
- Liquid portion of blood
- consists of 90% water, fibrin, salts and proteins
- Suspended in blood plasma are 3 types of blood cells: red, white, and platelets
Red Blood Cells/Erythrocytes
- Carry oxygen to the tissues of the body
- Remove carbon dioxide
- Most numerous of the blood cells
White Blood Cells/Leukocytes
- One of the body’s immune defense mechanisms
- Participate in phagocytosis and antibody formation
(6 types: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes)
Platelets/Thrombocytes
Blood cells involved in the process of blood clot formation
Anemia
A decrease in the number of red blood cells, and or hemoglobin
(two main types: primary and secondary)
Primary anemias
Decreased production of red blood cells
Secondary anemias
Increased loss or destruction of red blood cells
Pernicious anemia
- A type of primary anemia
- Deficiency disease that results from a lack of vitamin B12, being absorbed in the digestive tract (prevents normal development of blood cells)
- Associated with older age
Aplastic anemia
- A type of primary anemia
- Virtual stoppage of blood cell formation in the bone marrow
- Associated with drugs, chemical agents, radiation, and other factors
Sickle cell anemia
- Type of secondary/hemolytic anemia
- also called homozygous sickle cell disease
- Genetic defect in the manufacture of hemoglobin
- Causes an abnormal crescent shaped red blood cell
Erythroblastosis fetalis
- Type of secondary/hemolytic anemia
- problem of blood in compatibility between a mother and her fetus
- Mother who is Rh- carries a child who is Rh+
Leukocytosis
- Increase in the number of circulation white blood cells
- An important defense mechanism of the body (temporary and transient)
- When the disease/condition is over the white blood cell count returns to normal
Leukemia/cancer of the blood
- A malignancy of the hemopoietic tissue in the body
- permanent massive leukocytosis
- White blood cells are immature and crowd out other blood cells, preventing normal maturation
- (four major types of leukemia)
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
- A type of cancer of the blood and bone marrow that affects white blood cells.
- It occurs when a bone marrow cell develops errors in its DNA.
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common childhood cancer
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
- A type of cancer of the blood and bone marrow with excess immature white blood cells.
- AML progresses rapidly, with myeloid cells interfering with the production of normal white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.
- Most common form of leukemia affecting older people
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
- A type of cancer of the blood and bone marrow.
- develops from B cells.
- usually affecting older adults.
- CLL may not cause any symptoms for years.
- Treatment isn’t always initially necessary but may include chemotherapy
- Slow growing and not as aggressive as ALL
- CLL and small cell lymphoma are often considered one disease
Chronic myeloid leukemia/chronic myelogenous leukemia/chronic granulocytic leukemia (CML)
- A slowly progressing and uncommon type of blood-cell cancer that begins in the bone marrow.
- typically affects older adults. It’s caused by a chromosome mutation that occurs spontaneously.
- Doctors aren’t sure what causes the mutation.
- Many people don’t develop symptoms until later stages
- diagnosis is only made through routine blood work.
Leukopenia
Decrease in white blood cells
Polycythemia
Increase in the number of blood cells in the body
Erythrocytosis
Increase in red blood cells
Hemophilia
- A greatly prolonged clotting time for blood
- Hereditary, sex linked bleeding disorder. (affects mostly males)
Thrombocytopenia
- Decreased number of platelets or thrombocytes in the blood
- Tendencies to hemorrhage occur
Purpura/thrombocytopenic purpura
- Widespread, spontaneous hemorrhages into the skin and mucous membranes
Ecchymosis
Bruise like patches of hemorrhage under the skin
