PVD: Arterial vs Venous Flashcards

1
Q

what is intermittent claudication

A

pain in extremities w/ exercise; relieved by rest

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2
Q

what skin & temp changes happen in peripheral vascular disease

A

cool & pale
white or blanched appearance when elevated
rubor - reddish discoloration in dependent position
cyanosis
gangrenous changes

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3
Q

what are s/s of peripheral arterial disease

A

loss of hair
brittle nails
dry, shiny, scaly skin
ulcerations
bruits

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4
Q

what pulse changes happen in peripheral arterial disease

A

presence or absence
0 to 4+ scale
doppler to detect pulse

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5
Q

what are risk factors for peripheral arterial disease

A

nicotine use
hyperlipidemia
HTN
diabetes
stress
sedentary lifestyle/obesity

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6
Q

what are nursing interventions for arterial insufficiency

A

lower extermity to increase perfusion
exercise program
avoid extreme cold
no nicotine
avoid stress
no constrictive clothing
no crossing legs
meds for pain & vasodilation
protective shoes
foot care
meticulous hygiene
proper nutrition

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7
Q

what can we do to manage peripheral vascular disease

A

exercise program
wt reduction
smoking cessation

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8
Q

what meds can we give for PVD

A

antiplatelets (clopidogrel & aspirin)
diabetes meds
lipid lowering drugs

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9
Q

what are surgical interventions for PVD

A

surgical bypass graft:
Aorto-iliac (AIBP)
aorto-femoral (AFBP)
Femoral-popliteal (Fem-pop)

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10
Q

what can cause venous insufficiency

A

chronic venous status
edema
brownish discoloration
pain

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11
Q

what are the nursing interventions for venous insufficiency

A

elevating extremities
foot pumping
avoid crossing legs
avoid constrictive clothing
compression stockings
careful assessment

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12
Q

what is virchow’s triad (DVT)

A

venous stasis
vessel wall injury
altered blood coagulation

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13
Q

we do a thorough ______ extremity assessment for DVT

A

lower

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14
Q

what do we assess for DVT

A

limb pain
heaviness
swelling, redness, warmth
tenderness
difference in leg circumference
venous doppler

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15
Q

how can we help prevent DVT

A

elastic compression stockings (AE hose)
active and passive leg exercises
early ambulation
TCDB
enoxaparin

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16
Q

what is the treatment for DVT

A

comfort measures
bed rest
elevation
compression stockings
analgesics
anticoagulant thearpy

17
Q

what are the 3 anticoagulant drugs can we use for DVT treatment

A

heparin
warfarin
enoxaparin

18
Q

when we give IV heparin followed by warfarin what lab do we check and how often

A

anti-xa; every 6 hrs

19
Q

what other lab will we check when a pt is taking any blood thinner

A

INR

20
Q

what labs should we monitor for warfarin

A

pt/inr

21
Q

what is the antidote for warfarin

A

vitamin K or fresh frozen plasma

22
Q

what is the antidote for heparin

A

protamine sulfate

23
Q

what should we manage/watch for when pt is taking anticoagulants

A

bleeding
thrombocytopenia
drug interactions

24
Q

what should we educate pts on when they are on warfarin

A

adhere to PT/INR monitoring
Avoid OTC meds w/out medical advice
Avoid ETOH (alcohol)
Do not stop unless directed
Consider wearing ID band about med

25
Q

a pt on warfarin should always tell medical that they are _____

A

taking this med

26
Q

a pt should report excessive _____ when taking anticouagulants

A

bleeding

27
Q

a pt taking anticoagulants should avoid foods high in vitamin ___

A

K