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IM3 > COPD > Flashcards

COPD Flashcards

1
Q

What are common obstructive lung diseases

A

Asthma
Emphysema also known as COPD
Chronic bronchitis

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2
Q

In COPD/Emphysema airflow limitation is not fully what

A

Reversible

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3
Q

COPD is a generally ___ disease

A

Progressive

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4
Q

COPD/Emphysema is an

A

Abnormal inflammatory response of lungs to noxious particles or gases

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5
Q

COPD/emphysema symps occur in the what adult years

A

Middle adult years

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6
Q

COPD/emphysema incidence increase with ___

A

Age

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7
Q

What is COPD often used to describe in the medical field

A

Emphysema

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8
Q

A person with emphysema retain

A

Co2

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9
Q

How will an emphysema pt look (skin, breathing)

A

Co2 retention causes pink skin
Minimal cyanosis
Purse lip breathing
Dyspnea
Hyper resonance on chest percussion
Orthopneic
Barrel chest
Exertional dyspnea
Prolonged expiratory time
Speaks in short jerky sentences
Anxious
Uses of accessory muscles to breathe
Thin appearance

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10
Q

What are s/s of emphysema

A

Tachypnea
Dyspnea on exertion
Barrel chest
Prolonged expiration and grunting
Decreased breath sounds
Hyper resonance
Clubbing of fingers and toes
Decrease chest expansion
Chronic cough w/ or w/out sputum production
Accessory muscle use
Mental status change

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11
Q

Is emphysema damage reversible

A

No, it’s irreversible

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12
Q

What are the risk factors for emphysema

A

Cigarette smoking
Occupational chemicals and dust
Air pollution
Infection
Heredity
Aging
Genetics

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13
Q

How is an Emphysema pt officially diagnosed

A

Spirometry

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14
Q

What does a spirometry test show

A

Shows how well you breathe in and out

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15
Q

What other diagnosing test can diagnose emphysema besides spirometry testing

A

Chest x-ray
Pulmonary function test
ABG
CBC
EKG

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16
Q

What is treatment for emphysema

A

Avoidance of smoke and air pollution
bronchodilators
Antibiotics
Flu vaccine
Pneumonia vaccine
Adequate hydration
Oxygen therapy for hypoxia
Mucolytics
Corticosteroids
Lung transplant
Diuretics for edema

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17
Q

How does pursed lip breathing look

A

2 count in and 4 count out

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18
Q

What should we teach our pts that have Emphysema

A

Instruct them to stop smoking or being around those that smoke
Importance of early medical treatment at the first signs of illness
May have to sleep semi-Fowler s
Instruct on the importance of oxygen if prescribed

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19
Q

What should discharge planning should we consider for a pt with emphysema/COPD

A

Pulmonary rehab
Psychosocial consideration
Use bronchodilator first before other med
CM for O2, meds, home health
Stress importance of flu & pneumonia vaccine

20
Q

What are s/s of chronic bronchitis

A

Copious amnts of gray, white, or yellow sputum
Dyspnea & Tachypnea
Cyanosis
Use of accessory muscle
Pedal edema
Jugular vein distention
Wt gain due to edema
Wt loss due to difficulty eating & increased metabolic rate
Wheezing
Prolong expiratory time
Rhonic
Pulmonary hypertension

21
Q

What are risk factors for chronic bronchitis

A

Cigarette smoking
Exposure to irritants
Exposure to organic or inorganic dust
Exposures to noxious gases
Respiratory tract infection

22
Q

How do we diagnose chronic bronchitis

A

Presence of cough & sputum production for @ least 3 months for 2 consecutive years

23
Q

What are lab tests we can do to diagnose chronic bronchitis

A

CXR
PFTS
ABGs
Sputum
EKG
CBC

24
Q

What is the treatment of chronic bronchitis

A

Cease smoking
Avoidance of air pollutants
Antibiotics
Bronchodilators
Adequate hydration
Chest physiotherapy
Nebulizer treatment
Corticosteroids
diuretics
O2 therapy

25
Q

What should we teach our pts with chronic bronchitis

A

Instruct benefits of not smoking/being exposed to secondhand smoke
Importance of early med treatment @ first sign of illness
May have to sleep semi-Fowler s
Instruct importance of prescribed o2

26
Q

What should we do with discharge planning for chronic bronchitis

A

Same as emphysema

27
Q

How do we teach a pt to use inhaler

A

Shake
Exhale
Press button and inhale
Hold breathe for as long as able
Then exhale
If taking bronchodilator inhaler or any inhaler first then wait 1 min between taking med to take the next inhaler

28
Q

What is a really well known short actingbronchodilator

A

Albuterol

29
Q

How often should a pt take a short acting bronchodilator

A

2 inhalations every 4 hours PRN

30
Q

What are adverse affects of bronchodilators

A

Tachypnea
Palpitations
Chest pain
Tremors
HA
Dizziness
Nervousness
Report s/s of hypokalemia/a fib
Call dr if you require more frequent use of med

31
Q

What are anticholinergic names

A

Iratropium bromide
atrovent

32
Q

Are anticholinergic long or short acting bronchodilators

A

Long

33
Q

What is methylanthie

A

A bronchodilator

34
Q

What are glucocorticoids

A

An anti-inflammatory

35
Q

What should we teach a pt taking a glucocorticoid inhaler

A

Rinse mouth with water after taking inhaler

36
Q

Why do they need to rise mouth out if taking glucocorticoid

A

To avoid a fungal infection (thrush)

37
Q

What is prednisone

A

It’s an oral steroid, immunosuppressant and anti inflammatory

38
Q

What should we take prednisone with

A

Food

39
Q

Why should we take prednisone with food

A

To avoid gi upset

40
Q

Should a pt stop taking prednisone abruptly

A

No

41
Q

Do we want to put pts on prednisone for immediate treatment

A

No, because there’s many side effects to prednisone

42
Q

What are adverse reactions to prednisone

A

HTN
Osteoporosis
Mood disturbances
Poor wound healing
Monitor b/p
Monitor bs
Avoid live vaccine
Avoid contact w/ chickenpox or measles
Watch for peptic ulcer disease
Anxiety
Depression
Fluid retention

43
Q

What do leukotriene agonists help with

A

Respiratory inflammation

44
Q

What do leukotriene agonists prevent

A

Prevent airway edema

45
Q

What should we monitor when a pt is on leukotriene agonists

A

Monitor LFTs and blood chemistry

46
Q

What are adverse effects of leukotriene agonists

A

Mood disorders
Cough

47
Q

Why do we need to teach pt to take leukotriene agonists to take the drug at night

A

Because drug may cause aggressive behavior

IM3 (47 decks)

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