Acute Complications Of Diabetes Flashcards
What causes DKA
Profound deficiency of insulin
What are the DKA characteristics
Hyperglycemia
Ketosis
Acidosis
Dehydration
DKA most likely occurs in which diabetes pts
Type I diabetics
What are clinical manifestations of DKA
Dehydration
Poor shin turgor
Dry mucous membranes
Tachycardia
Orthostatic hypotension
Lethargy and weakness
Skin, dry, loose; eyes sunken
What are symptoms of DKA
Abd pain
Anorexia
N/v
Kussmal respirations
Sweet and fruity breath
What will lab values look like for a pt with DKA
Bg of 250 or higher
Blood ph less than 7.30
Serum bicarb less than 16
Moderate to high ketones in urine or serum
What is the treatment for DKA
Administer oxygen
Establish iv access to begin fluids (nacl 0.45% or 0.9%)
Add 5% to 10% dextrose when blood glucose level approaches 250
Continonious regular insulin drip
Potassium replacement as needed
Why do we need to replace potassium as needed for DKA
Because insulin drip will lower potassium
How fast is the onset for DKA
Rapid onset
HHS occurs more in what population
Occurs in elderly
Is HHS a more rapid or gradual onset
Gradual
What are the labs indicative for HHS
Bg over 600
Ph over 7.3
Bicarb over 30
Negative ketones
HHS occurs in what type of diabetes
Type 2 diabetes
What are precipitating factors to HHS
UTIs, pneumonia, sepsis
Acute illness
Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
Impaired thirst sensation and /or or inability to replace fluids
Is HHS a medical emergency
Yes
