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IM3 > DMT2 > Flashcards

DMT2 Flashcards

1
Q

What ethnic groups are type 2 diabetes more prevalent in

A

All ethnic groups but a higher risk in non-whites

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2
Q

Is type 2 diabetes a rapid or slow onset

A

Slower onset

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3
Q

How long will one have type 2 diabetes before actually being diagnosed

A

Typically 6-7 yrs

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4
Q

What happens to the cells in a type 2 diabetic

A

They become insulin resistant

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5
Q

What are the four leading factors to type 2 diabetes

A

Insulin resistance
Pre-diabetes
Metabolic syndrome
Gestational diabetes

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6
Q

What is the pre-diabetes glucose tolerance test level

A

140-199

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7
Q

What is the pre-diabetes fasting blood glucose level

A

100-125

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8
Q

What is the Hgb H1C level in a person with pre-diabetics

A

5.7 - 6.4

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9
Q

How does metabolic syndrome increase risk for type 2 diabetes

A

Elevated glucose levels
Abdominal obesity
Elevated bp
High levels of triglycerides
Decreased levels of hdls

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10
Q

What level do we want our total cholesterol level to be under

A

Under 200

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11
Q

What level do we want our LDL to be under

A

Under 100

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12
Q

What level do we want our triglycerides under

A

Under 150

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13
Q

What level should our HDL be over for women

A

Higher than 50

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14
Q

What level should HDL be over for men

A

Higher than 40 for men

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15
Q

What are risk factors that could be changed before a diabetes diagnoses (4)

A

BMI greater than 26
Physical inactivity
HDL less than 35
Metabolic syndrome

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16
Q

What are non-modifiable rich factors for getting diabetes (7)

A

First-degree relative with dm
Members of high risk ethnic population
Women who delivered a baby greater than 9 lbs or greater or had GDM
HTN
Women with PCOS
HgA1C of 5.7% or greater
History of CVD

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17
Q

Signs & symptoms of type 2 diabetes (10)

A

Polyuria, nocturia
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Recurrent infections
Prolonged wound healing
Vision changes
Fatigue
HgA1C 6.5% or more
FPG 126 or more
Metabolic syndrome

18
Q

How can we medically manage type 2 diabetes (7)

A

Education
Monitoring glycemic control
Diet
Exercise
Monitoring for complications
Oral glucose control agents
Insulin if needed

19
Q

What type of medication is metformin

A

An oral glucose medication

20
Q

What class is metformin

A

Biguanides

21
Q

Why is metformin used and what does it do

A

Reduces glucose production by liver

22
Q

When is metformin started

A

Started immediately after the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes

23
Q

What side effects may metformin cause (2)

A

Gi upset
Lactic acidosis

24
Q

When can metformin not be administered

A

When dye in CT or MRI scans is going to be used

25
Q

How long should we hold metformin when a pt will go for a scan with diagnostic dye

A

Hold for 48hrs before test and 48hrs after test

26
Q

Why do we hold metformin for these tests that use dyes

A

Because the pt could go into renal failure or lactic acidosis

27
Q

What is the first step in treatment of type 2 diabetes

A

Diet and exercise

28
Q

What is the second step to treat type 2 diabetes

A

Lifestyle changes plus taking metformin

29
Q

What is the third step in the treatment of type 2 diabetes

A

Lifestyle changes plus metformin and add a second drug

30
Q

What is the fourth step in treatment for type 2 diabetes

A

Lifestyle changes plus metformin and insulin therapy

31
Q

What do sulfonylureas do for a type 2 diabetic

A

Increase insulin production from pancreas

32
Q

What are the side effects from sulfonylureas

A

Hypoglycemia and weight gain

33
Q

What second-generation sulfonylureas are commonly used (3)

A

Glipizide
Glyburide
Glimepride

34
Q

What can alcohol potential the effects of

A

Hypoglycemia

35
Q

What are other medications that are not directly related to diabetes (6)

A

Statin drugs
Ace inhibitors
Calcium channel blockers
Angiotensen II receptor blockers
Diuretics
Beta blockers

36
Q

What do statin drugs treat

A

Treat cholesterol and hyperlipidemia

37
Q

What do ace inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin II receptor blockers treat

A

HTN
Renal insufficiency

38
Q

What do diuretics treat

A

Fluid overload and hypertension control

39
Q

Why do we not put diabetics on beta blockers

A

It masks warning signs of hypoglycemia

40
Q

What do beta blockers treat

A

Used for hypertension and decrease cardiovasculardisease

41
Q

What should we teach a type 2 diabetic

A

Diet
Exercise
Wt loss
Drug therapy
Nutritional therapy
Exercise
Self-monitoring of bs

42
Q

What are the long term effects of hyperglycemia

A

Major CVD: ischemic heart disease, stroke
Lower-extremity amputation
Dka,hhs
Skin & soft tissue infections
Pneumonia
Influenza
Bacteremia / sepsis
Tb

IM3 (47 decks)

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