Anemia Flashcards
what is anemia
a condition in which the blood lacks healthy RBCs
what are the most common causes for anemia
acute blood loss
decreased or faulty RBC production
destruction of RBCs
if RBCs are less than 6 then we need to hang ____ unit of blood
1
what can cause chronic anemia
cancer
immunodeficiency syndrome
renal disease
liver disease
autoimmune disease
what nutritional deficiency can cause chronic anemia
iron
folate
vit b
what hereditary conditions can cause chronic anemia
sickle cell
thalassemia
what 3 things can cause acute anemia
surgery
active-bleeding trauma
immunocompromised pt
what assessments will we do for a pt who has anemia
fatigue
weakness
pallor
SOB
dysrhythmia
chest pain
tachycardia
cool extremites
what interventions can we do for a pt with anemia
admin blood products
hematopoietic drugs
encourage diet rich in the deficient nutrient
control source of acute bleeding
what are the two types of anemia
iron deficiency
folate deficinecy
what can cause iron deficiency
poor diet intake of iron rich foods
absorption problem in the gut
what happens in the body when you have iron deficiency anemia
iron stores are depleted resulting in a decreased iron supply for manufacturing of HGB in RBCs
how much iron does a man need per day
8mg
how much iron does a female need per day
18mg
if a female is pregnant or breastfeeding how much iron should they intake daily
27mg
iron deficiency pts will have _____ and two labs ______ and ______ are low
weakness
Hgb
HCT
what are the interventions for iron deficiency
increase oral intake of iron
increase food choices high in iron
iron supplements
IM injections of iron
IV admin in serious cases
how should IM injections of iron be given, what method
z-track method
pts should take iron supplements on an _______ stomach
empty
pts should take iron supplements with vit _____
C
don’t take iron with _____ supplements
milk
tell pt that stools will be _______ and black
tarry
what foods are rich in iron
oysters
white beans
dark chocolate
beef liver
lentils
spinach
tofu
kidney beans
sardines
chickpeas
canned tomatoes
beef
potatoes
cashews
fortified breakfast cereal
what is macrocytic anemia
inadequate intake of vit b12 or lack of absorption of ingested vit b12
what is pernicious anemia
deficiency of intrinsic factor
how will a pt with iron deficiency anemia appear on assessment
severe pallor
fatigue
wt loss
smooth, beefy red tongue
what are interventions that we can do for vitamin b12 deficiency
increase dietary intake of foods rich in vit b12
admin v b12 injections
what are foods rich in vit b12
meat
poultry
fish
shellfish
eggs
dairy
citrus fruits
dried beans
green leafy veggies
liver
nuts
what can cause folate deficiency anemia
celiac disease
crohn’s disease
small bowel obstruction
pregnancy
alcoholism
in folate anemia RBCs are ______ and ______ shaped
larger shaped and oval shaped
RBCs in folate deficiency are larger and oval shaped due to the lack of
folate
what is the assessment for a vit b12 deficiency pt
dyspepsia
smooth beefy, red tongue
pallor, fatigue, weakness
tinnitus
tachycardia
what are the interventions for a pt that has a vit b12 deficiency
diet rich in folic acid
admin folic acid
what are foods rich in folic acid
dark green leafy veggies
beans
peanuts
sunflower seeds
fresh fruit, fruit juice
whole grains
liver
eggs
seafood
