Gas Exchange Basics Flashcards
What is pulmonary disease
Classified as acute or chronic, obstructive or restrictive, infectious or noninfectious and is caused by alteration in the lung or heart
What is lung disease
Greatly influenced by what pt is exposed to environmental, occupation, personal and social habits
What is the number one cause of lung disease
Smoking
What are clinical manifestations or pulmonary alterations
Cough
Dyspnea
Chest pain
Abnormal sputum
Hemoptysis
Altered breathing patterns
Cyanosis
Fever
Cough can be what two things
Acute or chronic
What is Dyspnea
Subjective sensation of uncomfortable breathing
What is Hemoptysis
Coughing up blood or bloody secretions
What is cyanosis
Bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes
What should we check when a pt has cyanosis
Check nail beds & mucous membranes
What is orthopnea
Dyspnea when laying down often sleeps propped up
What is hypoventilation
Inadequate alveolar ventilation r/t metabolic demands
What is hypercapnia
Retaining co2
What is hyperventilation
Alveolar ventilation exceeding metabolic demands
What is hypocapnia
A state of reduced carbon dioxide in blood
What is clubbing
Bulbous enlargement of the end of a finger or toe
What is a chronic sign of hypoxia
Clubbing
What is hypoxemia
Abnormally low concentration of oxygen in the blood
What is hypoxia
Deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
What is aspiration
Passage of fluid or solid particles into the lung
What is atelectasis
Collapse of lung tissue
What are early s/s of hypoxia
Restless
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Dyspnea
Increased agitation
Diaphoresis
Retractions
Altered LOC
What are late s/s of hypoxia
Increased restlessness
Somnolence
Stupor
Dyspnea
Decreased respirations
Bradycardia
Cyanosis
What are risk factors for hypoxia
Chronic hypoxia
Inflammatory
Acute hypoxia
Immobility
Older adults
How do we diagnose hypoxia
ABGs
Pulmonary Function
Hbg & Hct
Clinical S/S
History
Pulse ox below 90%
What are complications of hypoxia
Cellular death in target area with widespread affects
what two organs are most affected using hypoxia
Heart and brain
What do nurses assess when a pt has hypoxia
Airway
Color
Chest pain
Chest movement
Underlying problems
VS
Dysrhythmias
Evaluate routine Dx measures
Notify dr of significant changes
What interventions do nurses do for hypoxia
Position pt
Stay with pt
Give o2
Notify dr of significant changes
