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IM3 > Gas Exchange Basics > Flashcards

Gas Exchange Basics Flashcards

1
Q

What is pulmonary disease

A

Classified as acute or chronic, obstructive or restrictive, infectious or noninfectious and is caused by alteration in the lung or heart

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2
Q

What is lung disease

A

Greatly influenced by what pt is exposed to environmental, occupation, personal and social habits

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3
Q

What is the number one cause of lung disease

A

Smoking

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4
Q

What are clinical manifestations or pulmonary alterations

A

Cough
Dyspnea
Chest pain
Abnormal sputum
Hemoptysis
Altered breathing patterns
Cyanosis
Fever

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5
Q

Cough can be what two things

A

Acute or chronic

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6
Q

What is Dyspnea

A

Subjective sensation of uncomfortable breathing

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7
Q

What is Hemoptysis

A

Coughing up blood or bloody secretions

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8
Q

What is cyanosis

A

Bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes

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9
Q

What should we check when a pt has cyanosis

A

Check nail beds & mucous membranes

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10
Q

What is orthopnea

A

Dyspnea when laying down often sleeps propped up

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11
Q

What is hypoventilation

A

Inadequate alveolar ventilation r/t metabolic demands

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12
Q

What is hypercapnia

A

Retaining co2

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13
Q

What is hyperventilation

A

Alveolar ventilation exceeding metabolic demands

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14
Q

What is hypocapnia

A

A state of reduced carbon dioxide in blood

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15
Q

What is clubbing

A

Bulbous enlargement of the end of a finger or toe

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16
Q

What is a chronic sign of hypoxia

A

Clubbing

17
Q

What is hypoxemia

A

Abnormally low concentration of oxygen in the blood

18
Q

What is hypoxia

A

Deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues

19
Q

What is aspiration

A

Passage of fluid or solid particles into the lung

20
Q

What is atelectasis

A

Collapse of lung tissue

21
Q

What are early s/s of hypoxia

A

Restless
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Dyspnea
Increased agitation
Diaphoresis
Retractions
Altered LOC

22
Q

What are late s/s of hypoxia

A

Increased restlessness
Somnolence
Stupor
Dyspnea
Decreased respirations
Bradycardia
Cyanosis

23
Q

What are risk factors for hypoxia

A

Chronic hypoxia
Inflammatory
Acute hypoxia
Immobility
Older adults

24
Q

How do we diagnose hypoxia

A

ABGs
Pulmonary Function
Hbg & Hct
Clinical S/S
History
Pulse ox below 90%

25
Q

What are complications of hypoxia

A

Cellular death in target area with widespread affects

26
Q

what two organs are most affected using hypoxia

A

Heart and brain

27
Q

What do nurses assess when a pt has hypoxia

A

Airway
Color
Chest pain
Chest movement
Underlying problems
VS
Dysrhythmias
Evaluate routine Dx measures
Notify dr of significant changes

28
Q

What interventions do nurses do for hypoxia

A

Position pt
Stay with pt
Give o2
Notify dr of significant changes

IM3 (47 decks)

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