Pneumonia Flashcards
What is pneumonia
An infection that inflames your lung air sacs (alveoli)
Clinical s/s of pneumonia
Fever
Chills
Malaise
Pleural pain
Dyspnea
Hemoptysis
Productive or dry cough- green/yellow/rust in color
Coughing
Adventitious lung sounds - diminished or crackles
What are risk factors for community acquired pneumonia
Cigarette smoking
Alcohol
recent upper respiratory tract infection
Old age
AIDS
Pre-existing lung disease
Corticosteroid therapy
Indoor air pollution
Recent influenza infection
What is community acquired pneumonia
Seeing some s/s of pneumonia in a person who is not hospitalized or in a long term care facility for greater than 14 days before onset of symps
When does community acquired pneumonia occur
Often in winter & spring months
Where can community pneumonia be treated
Can be treated at home or in hospital depending on severity
What treatment do community pneumonia pts need asap
Antibiotics
What organism cause community pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniae
What are risk factories for pneumonia
Chronic illness debilitation
Cancer
Abdominal or thoracic surgery
Atelectasis
Colds/viral respiratory infections
Chronic respiratory disease
Flu
Smoking
Alcoholism
Malnutrition
Sickle cell disease
Immunosuppressive therapy
Tracheostomy
Exposure to noxious gases
Aspiration
What diagnoses pneumonia
Chest x-ray
Sputum culture
ABGs
CBC - WBC usually greater than 14
Blood cultures
Thoracentesis
Bronchoscopy
CRP
How long will a pneumonia pt be on antibiotic treatment
5-10 days
What if a pt wants to discontinue antibiotics while they are still taking them, what do we teach them?
Teach them to finish antibiotics because they could develop a resistance to them which is dangerous
When do pneumonia pts repeat the chest x-ray
6-8 wks
If symps are worse, what should we teach a pt to do
Call the dr
To prevent further infection, what should we teach pt to do to prevent spread
Wash hands
When do we know a pneumonia pt is getting better
When SaO2 is greater than 95%
If a pneumonia pt is delayed in getting antibiotics what rate increases
Their mortality rate
What treatments can we give pneumonia pts
Humidified O2
Mechanical ventilation
High calorie diet and adequate fluid
Bronchodilator’s
Antitussives
Splint chest to cough
What is aspiration pneumonia
Inflammation of lungs and bronchial tubes caused by breathing in a foreign substance (food, liquid, vomit, etc)
What happens after aspiration pneumonia occurs
A bacterial infection usually occurs 48-72 hrs after aspiration pneumonia
What are risk factors for aspiration pneumonia
Decreased LOC
Difficulty swallowing
NG tube
Alcohol intoxication
Gingivitis
Seizures
What is hospital (nosocomial) acquired pneumonia
Pneumonia that occurs 48 hrs or more after admission and pneumonia that was not incubating at the time of hospitalization
What is ventilator associated pneumonia
Develops more than 48-72 hrs after intubation
What is healthcare associated pneumonia
Pneumonia in a non hospitalized pt with extensive healthcare contact
What is medical acquired pneumonia
Been in hospital last 90 days or treatment at a hemodialysis clinic in last 30 days
Why do we collect a sputum culture
To see what type of antibiotics we need to give the pt to treat the pneumonia
When we give Beta-lactam shots what must we do for 30 mins
Observe pts for 30 mins for allergic reaction
Where should we give cepholasporin shots
Big muscles (butt or legs)
What are carbapenems
Big gun antibitotics usually saved as last resort
Meropenem
Imipenem
Ertapenem
Should we eat before taking macrolides
No, best to take on empty stomach
What drink should we avoid when taking macrolides
Avoid grape juice
What should we teach pts to report when they are taking quinolones
Report tendon pain
They are at risk for tendon rupture
What med has a black box warning
Quinolones
What should a pt avoid exposure to when they are taking Quinolones
Avoid exposure to sun or artificial sun
What is important to teach pt to take when they are on expectorant
Important to take with a full glass of water
What should a pt avoid when taking expectorant
Avoid taking maoi’s inhibitors
What drug should we not use mote than 7 days without seeking medical treatment
Antitussive
What should we avoid taking when we are on antitussive meds
Avoid maoi’s inhibitors
What activities should a pt avoid while they are on antitussive meds
Anything requiring mental alertness or coordination
When giving the antitussive with promethazine with codeine what life threatening thing should we watch for
Respiratory depression
How many sprays should we do for a decongestant nasal spray
2 to 3 sprays in nostrils BID up to 3 days
What should we teach pt who is taking a decongestant nasal spray
Not to use longer than 3 days due to rebound congestion
When taking an decongestant what should a pt not take along with this
Maoi inhibitor
what s/s should a pt report when they are on decongestants
Cardiac dysfunction
What time should a pt not take a decongestant
At bed time to avoid insomnia
What should we teach pt when they get the flu vaccine
Teach that even after vaccine pt can still get flu but it should be less severe
