purposive com Flashcards
is the successful conveying or sharing of ideas or feelings
Communication
It is also described as a social contact
Communication
which people interact with and through symbols to create and interpret meanings.
Communication
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It fosters coordination, enabling people to comprehend each other’s thoughts and ideas.
Its role is crucial to the smooth functioning of each member within an organization
It aids effective and efficient decision-making
It boosts managerial efficiency and leadership potential in organizations
It promotes peace and cooperation among all employees.
It boosts morale and promotes a healthy work environment. Examples:facebook, google
importance of communication
It pertains to personal, physical, social, psychological, and cultural circumstances, among others in which communication occurs.
communication context
COMMUNICATION CONTEXTS
1.1 Personal Context
1.2 Physical Context
1.3 Social Context
1.4 Psychological Context
1.5 Cultural Context
It involves the background of both sender and the receiver of the message.
Personal Context
It includes their education, religion, socioeconomic status, marital status and beliefs that greatly influence what and how they communicate.
Personal Context
It pertains to the environment where communication takes place. It involves tangible factors which can be perceived by the senses such as temperature, humidity, odor, lighting, and noise level among others.
Physical Context
It includes proximity, how far or how close the participants are to each other, as well as the medium used in sending the message.
Physical Context
It refers to the kind of relationship that exists between the sender and the receiver.
Social Context
It motivates one to communicate with people who are closer to him and as such he easily gains the respect and understanding
Social Context
It includes the emotions and feelings of the participants in the communication process.
Psychological Context
It involves their opinions, judgments, prejudices, attitude and perception toward each other which can play a part in the transmission of messages.
Psychological Context
It is one of the vital considerations in communication.
Cultural Context
It includes sets of beliefs, value systems, ethnicity, age, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, and religion with which communication happens.
Cultural Context
is the source that starts communication
sender
imagines the message and then considers how to transmit it to the receiver.
sender
final concept of the idea formulated by the sender.
message
the process of translating information into a form that can be transmitted to another person or system.
encoding
the part of transforming abstract opinions and ideas into symbols such as words, pictures, signs, and marks.
encoding
It refers to the information, ideas, opinions, attitudes, and feelings the sender wants to convey.
message
It is the medium or tool to transmit the message.
channel
the sender uses all ___ to transmit information.
five senses
also called as the barrier that affects the message from being sent, received, or understood.
noise
classification of noise
physical
physiological
psychological
semantic
technical
cultural
External environmental factors like loud conversations, static on a phone call, or visual distractions.
physical
Biological factors such as hearing or vision impairments, fatigue, or hunger.
physiological
Mental distractions or emotional states that affect how a message is received.
psychological
Misinterpretations due to language differences or ambiguous wording.
semantic
Issues with technology, such as poor internet connectivity or malfunctioning equipment.
technical
Issues with technology, such as poor internet connectivity or malfunctioning equipment.
culture
the first stage in listening, the receiver converts symbols into thoughts from the sender.
decoding
It translates encoded symbols into understandable language
decoding
the person who received the message or to whom the message was sent; it is the receiver who will try to understand the message in the best possible way to achieve the desired goals
recipient (receiver)
Receivers can be one person or a group of people
Receivers can be one person or a group of people
the message sent by the receiver in response to a message he has received.
feedback
the message sent by the receiver in response to a message he has received.
feedback
common models of communication
Linear model
Interactive model
Transactional model
is also called the transmission model, is based on the assumption that communication is transmitted in a straightforward manner - from a sender to a receiver, this clearly reflects that communication is one-way process.
Linear model
is a two-way process of exchanging ideas, messages and information
Between two or more sources.
It involves an active exchange between two or more parties, where each party takes turns as the sender and receiver of the message.
INTERACTIVE MODEL
examples of linear model and interactive mdoel
linear
television, radio,newspaper, mass communication
interactive
exchanges of email, text message, social media post, workpplace
an interactive model of communication
feedback
This is considered the most accurate representation of the communication process.
TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
here may be evaluated according to their credibility, self-concept or attitude towards self or others, knowledge of the subject, and intention or purpose of communication.
speaker
here may be evaluated according to their credibility, self-concept or attitude towards self or others, knowledge of the subject, and intention or purpose of communication.
listeners
3 aspects of a message
content, structure, style
refers to the physical environment and social context in which communication occurs.
situation element
it is a two-way process; when a message is sent, a reply is expected.
Communication is transactional
it is an indispensable part of the daily life.
Communication is inevitable
its ultimate goal is to understand each other; when communicating either through speaking or writing, its purpose is either to persuade, to entertain, to inform, to express one’s feeling, ideas or emotions and to influence others.
Communication is goal-oriented
Communication has various levels
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Small
Public
refers to the communication that occurs when we do “self-talk” or engage in self-reflection
Intrapersonal
group involves three to twenty people
Small
involves two persons who interact with each other usually based on common communication goals
Interpersonal
involves more than twenty people as in the case o f a public official delivering a speech to an audience.
public
It entails a lot of processes, which can occur simultaneously or successively.
Communication is complex
Communication is not simply sending a text message, talking over the phone, or using hand gestures. It is complex.
Communication is complex
Part of the complexity lies in the recognition that communication is interactive, context-based, culturally loaded, circular and irreversible.
Communication is complex
despite the complexity of communication, it is a skill which can be learned; the foundational knowledge in this chapter is your first step to learning and eventually improving your communication skills.
Communication can be learned
two vital aspects of the relationships of the communicators
Immediacy shows verbal expressions of friendliness
Control is the degree to which one participant shows dominance or power.
deals with one’s judgment of rightness or wrongness, appropriateness or inappropriateness of a course of action or decision
Ethics
It is a set of moral principles guiding the society to maintain social order.
Ethics
Guidelines for Becoming an Ethical Communicator
Ethical communicators are honest;
Ethical communicators are aware of the consequences of their thoughts and actions.
Ethical communicators are aware of the consequences of their thoughts and actions.
Ethical communicators value diversity and respect other’s opinions
Ethical communicators are just and fair, to be just and fair is to be impartial and objective.
argue that every student should study abroad for the reason that “learning how to interact with people from other countries and cultures equips future leaders in all sectors to address urgent issues shared across borders”
Goodman and Beltran (2014)
the level of formality with which you communicate
language register
It is frozen in time and content.
The Pledge of Allegiance
The Lord’s Prayer
The Preamble
The Alma Mater
Frozen Register
It is common in the workplace, academe, business, trade and other industries.
Formal Register
usually employed when interacting with a boss, facilitating a meeting, or attending formal gatherings such as conferences, seminars and the like.
Formal language
It is casual, personal and more intimate in its tone, sentence structure, and choice of words.
Informal / Casual Register
It is appropriate when communicating with people you know very well such
Informal / Casual Register
This is a standard form of communications; users engage in a mutually accepted structure of communications.
Consultative Register
It is form and societal expectations
Consultative Register
Accompany the user of this speech.
Consultative Register
It is professional discourse, e.g.
When strangers meet
Communications between superior and a subordinate
Consultative Register
Consultative Register ex.
Doctor and patient
Lawyer and client
Lawyer and judge
Teacher and student
Counselor and client
Consultative Register
This communication is private; served for close family members or intimate people
ex.
Husband and wife
Boyfriend and girlfriend
Siblings
Intimate Register
various modes through which we communicate with each other in the past
Handwritten messages
Typewritten messages
Short telegrams
Computer – encoded texts
landline telephone conversation
audio/video recorded messages
use more than one mode of communication to convey meaning
multimodal text
Multimodal texts are characterized by the combination of the five different modes of communication:
LINGUISTIC, VISUAL, GESTURAL, AUDIO, AND SPATIAL
going online roughly four hours and 17 minutes a day, according to a report released on Tuesday.
Filipinos spend most of their online time on sites such as Facebook Snapchat and Twitter, said the report, called Digital in 2007,
Pinoys Top Social Media Users, According to Study(by Miguel R. Camus, 2017)
Brazilians and Argentinians followed closely behind, spending three hours and 43 minutes and three hours and 32 minutes
Americans spending an average of just two hours and six seconds per day. The least active were the Japanese, who log on an average of just 40 minutes daily.
US Among Bottom Half
“It’s probably due to the same cultural dynamic that made us the text messaging capital of the world”,
Ramon Isberto, spokesperson for telecoms giant PLDT and Smart,
South Korea, with 26.3 mbps, and its citizens just spend about 1 hour and 11 minutes a day
Slowest in Asia Pacific
allow people to create personal pages, post profile images and update on their lives, and create a friend list of people who can see your updates.
6 Degrees – 1997
My Space – 2003
Facebook - 2004
Twitter - 2006
Instagram - 2010
Social media platforms
are personal websites where people can publish or “log” information for other with an internet connection to read – all around the globe
- it is usually a personal where someone shares regular long-form post about their lives or hobbies - more professional or commercialized blogs are run my organizations, companies seeking
blogs
was invented in 1997 by Jorn Barger, the word was shortening of the phrase “logging the web”.
term “weblog”
are “video logs”, emerged as an extension of blogging after increased bandwidths enabled regular people to post video online.
vlogs
the first vlog was published in
2000 when Adam Kontras posted a video on his blog for his family and friends to view.
is an extension of vlogging that has responded to online content consumer’s needs for immediacy and authenticity.
Live Video Stream
Live video was integrated onto the YouTube video sharing platform in
April 2011; competitor network Facebook introduced Facebook Live in August 2015.
helps workplaces communicate across long distances.
Conferencing and Live Lecture Technology
allow collaborative crowdsourcing of information; this can help members of the wikis to amass a lot of information in a short period of time
Group Wikis
the collective knowledge that is stored on Wikis can be accessed at ease by all users, allowing the creation of a
“hive mind”
allow people to post questions and answers for others to respond to; many forums are sorted by topics, such as Reddit, which allows people with shared interests to communicate with one another.
Group Forums
These are also commonly used in education where online schools have students respond to a stimulus question each week.
Group Forums
that people can reply to each other’s comments to create a long-form conversation between individuals online.
Group Forums
The full conversation is recorded in comments and replies, leaving a paper trail of conversations which can be great for tracking the process of the group’s thinking.
Group Forums
The sleek, modern tablet computers that we enjoy today emerged as a new technological innovation around 2008-2010 with the emergence of big player like Android and Apple into the table computer market.
Table Computers
The emergence of table computers was made possible by technological advances that saw the requisite technologies both compact and cheap enough for the mass market
Table Computers
These are packets of audio information that can be uploaded and stored on cloud technology ready for anyone to download and listen to at-will.
Podcasts
It can be automatically downloaded onto a smartphone through RSS feeds so that fans of a podcast series can get the latest episodes at-will
Podcasts
These emerged out of radio technology.
Podcasts
whereas radio is transmitted through radio waves, podcasts are transmitted through the more agile and feature-rich internet.
Podcasts
This has provided features such as downloads at-will rather than forcing people to tune in at a specific point in time.
Podcasts
This helps make communication easier that ever.
Wearable Technology
It is any information technology that is carried on the body to help u take a step toward transhumanism.
Wearable Technology
allow people to use voice commands to control them.
With internet connections, wearable technology can provide quick answers
Smart watches
to questions that we ask them, make hand-free phone calls, and help you keep spoken-word memos and notes throughout the day
Wearable Technology
into people’s bodies to measure vital signs and sleep rhythms.
These bracelets can automatically
Exercise bracelets and other wearable health trackers
send data to exercise trainers and medical professionals to provide quick and accurate dates on the health profile of the wearer.
Wearable Technology
search date directly onto their retina.
Wearable Technology
They usually also allow people to make phone calls through voice commands.
Wearable Technology
Most smart glasses technologies also allow users to communicate with them through eye movements, blinks or hand movements.
Wearable Technology
are computerized personal assistants placed around offices and homes in order to help people complete tasks hands-free.
Smart speakers
They are usually activated using a hot word, like”Hey computer” or “OK Google”.
Smart speakers
It can hear people from distances, allowing people to use the speakers while still going about their business.
Smart speakers
Once activated by a hot word, the user asks the device questions or provides voice commands such as “turn out the light”, “add this to the shopping list” or “play a song”.
Smart speakers
It can be hooked into phone lines and internet lines t allow people to ask search engine questions via voice command or make phone calls while going about their daily lives.
Smart speakers
Early web chat software included MSN messenger which was embraced by adolescents and young adults as a way of chatting with friends during the early 2000s
With the rise of Facebook and Facebook messenger, MSN messenger declined and was disbanded in 2012.
Web Chat
have made webchat an increasingly popular form of instant communication between friends.
Smartphone apps
