Pulmonary

Question 1

Unlabored breathing
Nonproductive cough
Expiratory wheeze
Right lung

Answer 1

Foreign body aspiration

Question 2

Best test to confirm foreign body aspiration

Answer 2

Airway fluoroscopy

Question 3

Recurrent wheezing
Increased with feeding and neck flexion
Stridor/dyspnea during feeds
Bronchogenic cysts
Tracheal Stenosis
Double aortic arch

Answer 3

Vascular ring

Question 4

Diagnostic test for vascular ring

Answer 4

CTA or MRA

Question 5

Decrease in SBP by > 10 mmHg during inspiration

Answer 5

Pulsus paradoxus

Sign of severe respiratory distress or decreased cardiac output

Question 6

Best way to assess severity of respiratory distress

Answer 6

watch for signs of anxiety (tachycardia)

Question 7

Rightward shift of Oxygen dissociation curve

Answer 7

Acidosis
Hyperthermia
Increased 2, 3 BPG

Question 8

100-day cough

Answer 8

Pertussis

Question 9

Diagnostic test for Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 9

Sweat test > 60 mmol/L chloride

Question 10

Early and late infections in cystic fibrosis

Answer 10

Early: staph aureus

Late: pseudomonas

Question 11

Odd if a healthy sibling of someone with CF being a carrier

Answer 11

2/3

Question 12

Carrier rate if CF in general Caucasian population

Answer 12

1/25

Question 13

Common GI manifestations in CF during neonatal period

Answer 13

Meconium ileus
Meconium peritonitis
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

Question 14

CF
Neonate
Polyhydramnios
Ground glass appearance on KUB due to decreased bowel gas

Answer 14

Meconium ileus

Question 15

CF
Neonate
Pseudocyst on Xray

Answer 15

Meconium peritonitis

Question 16

Common pulmonary bacteria in CF

Answer 16

Staph aureus
H. Influenzas
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Burkholderia cepacia - worsening lung function and poor outcome

Question 17

Right ventricular dysfunction caused by pulmonary HTB

Answer 17

Cor pulomonale

Question 18

Diagnostic test for primary ciliary dyskinesia

Answer 18

Exhaled nitric oxide

Question 19

Pleural LDH > 2/3 serum LDH
Pleural protein > 3
Pleural pH < 7.3

Answer 19

Exudative pleural effusion

Question 20

Pleural LDH < 2/3 serum LDH
Pleural protein < 3
Pleural pH > 7.45

Answer 20

Transudative pleural effusion

Question 21

Most common causes of Bronchiectasis

Answer 21

Recurrent pulmonary infections
Cystic fibrosis

Question 22

Chronic wet cough
Lower respiratory tract infections
Coughing made worse with changes in position.

Answer 22

Bronchiectasis

Question 23

Causes of Bronchiectasis

Answer 23

Cystic fibrosis
Primary ciliary dyskinesia
Immunodeficiency/infection
Lobar pneumonia
Aspergillosis
Measles/pertussis
TB
Extrinsic compression causes by enlarged lymph nodes or masses

Question 24

Most likely causes of hemoptysis in children

Answer 24

Infection
Bronchiectasis
Foreign body aspiration

Question 25

Causes of pneumonia (3 wk to 12 mo)

Answer 25

Chlamydia Virus Pertussis

Question 26

Causes of pneumonia (1-4 yr)

Answer 26

Virus Strep pneumoniae

Question 27

Causes of pneumonia (school age)

Answer 27

Mycoplasma Chlamydophilia Strep pneumoniae Mycobacterium tuberculosis Staph aureus

Question 28

Recurrent pulmonary infections Abnormal budding of tracheal diverticulum of foregut before 16 EJ GA

Answer 28

Bronchogenic cyst

Question 29

Autosomal dominant Recurrent epistaxis (nighttime) Vascular malformations in lung, CNS, liver, GI

Answer 29

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-rendu syndrome)

Question 30

Inspiratory stridor Difficulty breathing Exercise

Answer 30

Exercise-induced vocal cord dysfunction (aka exerciser-induced laryngeal obstruction)