Pulmonary Flashcards
Unlabored breathing
Nonproductive cough
Expiratory wheeze
Right lung
Foreign body aspiration
Best test to confirm foreign body aspiration
Airway fluoroscopy
Recurrent wheezing
Increased with feeding and neck flexion
Stridor/dyspnea during feeds
Bronchogenic cysts
Tracheal Stenosis
Double aortic arch
Vascular ring
Diagnostic test for vascular ring
CTA or MRA
Decrease in SBP by > 10 mmHg during inspiration
Pulsus paradoxus
Sign of severe respiratory distress or decreased cardiac output
Best way to assess severity of respiratory distress
watch for signs of anxiety (tachycardia)
Rightward shift of Oxygen dissociation curve
Acidosis
Hyperthermia
Increased 2, 3 BPG
100-day cough
Pertussis
Diagnostic test for Cystic Fibrosis
Sweat test > 60 mmol/L chloride
Early and late infections in cystic fibrosis
Early: staph aureus
Late: pseudomonas
Odd if a healthy sibling of someone with CF being a carrier
2/3
Carrier rate if CF in general Caucasian population
1/25
Common GI manifestations in CF during neonatal period
Meconium ileus
Meconium peritonitis
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
CF
Neonate
Polyhydramnios
Ground glass appearance on KUB due to decreased bowel gas
Meconium ileus
CF
Neonate
Pseudocyst on Xray
Meconium peritonitis
Common pulmonary bacteria in CF
Staph aureus
H. Influenzas
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Burkholderia cepacia - worsening lung function and poor outcome
Right ventricular dysfunction caused by pulmonary HTB
Cor pulomonale
Diagnostic test for primary ciliary dyskinesia
Exhaled nitric oxide
Pleural LDH > 2/3 serum LDH
Pleural protein > 3
Pleural pH < 7.3
Exudative pleural effusion
Pleural LDH < 2/3 serum LDH
Pleural protein < 3
Pleural pH > 7.45
Transudative pleural effusion
Most common causes of Bronchiectasis
Recurrent pulmonary infections
Cystic fibrosis
Chronic wet cough
Lower respiratory tract infections
Coughing made worse with changes in position.
Bronchiectasis
Causes of Bronchiectasis
Cystic fibrosis
Primary ciliary dyskinesia
Immunodeficiency/infection
Lobar pneumonia
Aspergillosis
Measles/pertussis
TB
Extrinsic compression causes by enlarged lymph nodes or masses
Most likely causes of hemoptysis in children
Infection
Bronchiectasis
Foreign body aspiration
Causes of pneumonia (3 wk to 12 mo)
Chlamydia
Virus
Pertussis
Causes of pneumonia (1-4 yr)
Virus
Strep pneumoniae
Causes of pneumonia (school age)
Mycoplasma
Chlamydophilia
Strep pneumoniae
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Staph aureus
Recurrent pulmonary infections
Abnormal budding of tracheal diverticulum of foregut before 16 EJ GA
Bronchogenic cyst
Autosomal dominant
Recurrent epistaxis (nighttime)
Vascular malformations in lung, CNS, liver, GI
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
(Osler-Weber-rendu syndrome)
Inspiratory stridor
Difficulty breathing
Exercise
Exercise-induced vocal cord dysfunction (aka exerciser-induced laryngeal obstruction)
