Emergency Medicine Flashcards
ETT size
(Age/4) + 4
Sudden hypoxemia/deterioration in intubated patient
Displacement of ETT
Obstruction of ETT
Pneumothorax
Equipment failure
Intrinsic (prenatal) risk factors for SIDS
Non-white race
Male
< 37 wk GA
Maternal Smoking and/or alcohol use
Extrinsic (postnatal) risk factors for SIDS
Prone or side sleep position
Sleeping on adult mattress, couch, playpen, soft bedding
Bed-sharing
URI
maternal smoking after birth
Suddenly alteration in breathing
Cyanosis or pallor
Change in tone
altered LOC
successful recovery with no medical condition to explain event
Brief resolved unexplained event (BRUE)
Low risk BRUE
> 60 days
32 wk GA
First time
No CPR
No concerning history or physical
Antibiotic for cat and dog bites
Augmentin
If penicillin allergy, clindamycin + Bactrim
Target lesion within hours
Necrotic
Self-limited
Brown recluse (loxosceles reclusa)
Barely noticeable puncture wound
Myalgias
Hypertension
Black widow (lactrodectus mactans)
Snake
Triangular head and fangs
Red and yellow
Fang marks
Local erythema and swelling
LAD
Bullae
Venomous snake
Indications for anti venom (crotalidae polyvalent immune fab)
Coagulopathy
Hypotension
Systemic collapse
Tissue injury
Irritability
Increased HC
Pallor, anemia
Headache, vomiting, drowsiness
Tearing of intracranial bridging veins
Subdural hematoma
Associated with SIADH
Subdural hematomas
Retinal hemorrhages
Bulging fontanelle
Shaken baby syndrome
Tearing of smalls vessels of pia matter
LOC
Headache
Meningeal irritation
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Blunt head trauma
Pupillary findings
LOC then lucid period, followed by deterioration
Epidural hematoma
Lens-shaped. Do not cross suture lines
Initial work up for concern for abuse
Head CT
Ophthalmologic exam
Skeletal survey
Most common skull fracture in children
Often occur in Parietal region
Associated with scalp hematomas
Linear fracture
Visible bleeding from ear
Hemotympanum
Hearing loss
Facial paralysis
Temporal bone fracture
Ecchymoses behind ear
Periorbital ecchymoses
Can involve CN 6 and 7
Basilar skull fracture
Criteria for brain death
Known and irreversible cause of coma
No hypotension, hypothermia, metabolic disturbance, sedation
2 brain death examinations by different examiners done 12 and 24 hours apart
No ancillary studies
Indication for ENT drainage in nose trauma
Swelling of nasal septum
Obstruction
Fractures with high specificity for abuse
Metaphyseal “bucket handle”
Posterior rib
Spinous process
Scapular
Sternal
Electric current courses through body
Deep tissue burned
Internal organ injury
Arc exposure
Non accidental burns
Hands, feet
Face, eyes, ears
Perineum
Stocking and glove
Full thickness
Parkland formula
4cc/kg x wt (kg) x % BSA affected
Rule of 9s for burns
Arms = 9% each
Legs = 18% each
Trunk = 36%
Head/neck = 10%
Perineum = 1%
